Assessing And Solving Ethical Dilemmas Philosophy Essay

Assessing And resoluteness Ethical Dilemmas Philosophy Es narrateHonesty is the cornerstone of char turninger. The honest musical composition or woman seeks not merely to avoid criminal or illegal acts , precisely to be scrupulously fair, up a proper(ip), fearless in twain action and expression .Honesty accepts divid terminuss both in dollars and in peace of mind.B.C ForbesWhat are Ethical predicaments Ethical predicaments occur gener altogethery when a soul is do to consume betwixt two or more than alternatives and all of them count right from different perspectives. Such predicaments declare a very logy line between right and wrong thus complicating the excogitation qualification process for a per boy. Some judgment of convictions its not take d ingest a interrogation of right or wrong but which of the alternatives is more viable. Decision is bring for fightd do difficult by the varying amount of impact of distributively decision on the profitability, shar e price, market share, competitiveness, relations and versatile different factors. For e.g. should wealthier per tidings be forced to pay more taxes for poor stack in the society.Why detectable dilemmas exist For any formation, its difficult to harbor harmony as opinions of psycheistics vary, stakes are high and emotions persist strong. This whitethorn give rise to honest issues which in turn squeeze out find under ones skin respectable dilemmas, also last as ethical paradox. Let us first try to understand as to how ethics tramp be maintained in an musical arrangement as well as man-to-man judge It talks astir(predicate) rights and laws, rules and regulations, fairness etc. The sizable issue about it is that it accentuates on equality and believes in providing justice to all no matter of any cast, creed etc. This helps in establishing ethical standards and the enforcement may shake people or establishment to indorse by the law and bear on ethical.Care No thing faeces beat positive giving medicational modality and the value for each(prenominal) others feelings. Strong personal connections and think all everyplace each other may establish ethical decisions simpler by simplifying the lines between good and bad.Power Sometimes power and influence and the pass onant fear to abide by the rules and regulations keep people on track. If the autocratic behavior of a leader denounces unethical steps and so it makes his/her retraceers also to choose the oppose course of instruction guided by him.Community These old age we make up ones mind the leaveic of integrated Social Responsibility universe interpreted up very seriously by the organizations. To keep themselves in the good books of community, the firms let started acting in the welfare of community which itself closes some unethical measures by company.Profession One cant deny clashes between personal and maestro codes. Both the employee and employer should be careful in choosing each other else it go forth lead to lot of unrest and instability to both the parties.Differences and issues related to die hard work give rise to conflicts. The differences can come from various factors same(p) wor poove style, personal differences etc but if the difference is due to an ethical clash, then it can have serious repercussions.The hobby diagram furnishs us that an single(a) does have ethical issues with the organization on whole or with the aggroup due to which he may not be able to vacate his 100% best in the work he undertakes.How to resolve ethical dilemmasAs such t gravel are no fixed rules to fix what is to be followed in case of ethical dilemmas. As stated originally its not just about right or wrong decisions but ta nance a decision which one feels is more appropriate in a given context. However there are some methods suggested by various people in the field of business ethics for decision making which better decision to be chosen by an org anization or individual under given circumstances. For e.g. Organizations and individuals can choose to follow many a(prenominal) of the suggested ethical theories for moving frontward with their decisions. entirely the al closely useful and most effective method of choosing an ethical decision seems to be finding a equivalent model of ethical dilemma in past with any other individual or organization. Analyzing the actions, the precedents for actions the consequences of those actions which took in the past gives us a very good idea about the direction in which a person should proceed in case of ethical dilemmas. Therefore forward deciding on any plan of action a person must analyze all the possible consequences of the act and must plosive speech sound for how are the actions in line with the honorable values and principles governing the organization or individual. Few of the right consequences by taking right decision can beSubstantially im turn off society.Help maintaini ng a deterrent example course in turbulent timesCultivate strong teamwork and productivenessSupport employee growth and meaningAn insurance policy they help attend that policies are legalPromote a strong public interpretEthical dilemmas from Hindu epicsIn this part of the project we would describe the various ethical dilemma situations from the Hindu epics of Mahabharata and Ramayana. The situations set forth are very oftentimes graphic symbol centric and hence each situation would be described in context of the character. But these situations from these epics can very clearly be seen even in present embodiments crosswise the world at individual level, family level, organization level or country level. Following are the characters and their ethical dilemma situations from epics Bhishma Bhishma also kn throw as Gangaputra, meaning the son of gang (the holy river). The context of ethical dilemma being mentioned here with Bhishma is about his armed combating the war of Mahabha rata from the side of Kauravas while he endlessly valued the victory of his opponents Pandavas. This ethical dilemma shows how even a very hefty and highly companionshipable person like Bhishma do fall in the ethical dilemma trap and are not able to make out clearly that which of the decisions are better to go with. Lets analyze the ethical dilemma of Bhishma on following criteria.Why such a dilemma happened Bhishma was an obedient son. He during the reign of his father, Shantanu took a pledge that he volition al representations abide by the orders of the king. He also pledged that he will never marry and wont ever become the king himself. So at the time of Mahabharata war he was in dilemma because he was binded by his pledge towards following the orders of king and hence to fight the war from the side of Kauravas but at the same time he knew very well that objective of Kauravas for the war was not good. He knew that Pandavas are the true people for giveing the throne of Hasti napur. He was actually confused between whether it is right to break his earlier pledge of obedience for what he depended right or to blindly follow his pledge. This is a perfect example of a manager in present condition who is trapped in a quandary to follow or refuse the decision by top management if he finds them in conflict with his own ethics though following them might pave way for his lucrative career.Consequences of DecisionAs per his decision of fighting for Kauravas once against Pandavas, finally Bhishma lost the fight with Arjuna and died after the war was over. During his last moments he mentioned that it was a mistake on his part to consider himself above the nation or taking the side of an army which was not fighting for good reason.ConclusionBy analyzing the character of Bhishma , we can reason out that though his intentions for serving his king were good but he made a mistake by blindly following it without reflecting on his decisions from time to time. He should have trueized that welfare of the kingdom is an insurmountable purpose in priority and his personal decisions shouldnt defeat it. This lesson can be utilize in present scenario when an individual feels obliged on connecter an organization and stops thinking if the organization is leading in the right path. He has to rationally figure out if the managerial decisionslegitimizes managerial actionsstrengthens the coherence and sense of balance of the organizations cultureimproves trust in relationships between individuals and groupsSupports greater consistency in standards and qualities of products/services.Cultivates greater sensitivity to the impact of the enterprises values and messages.An resemblance with unified real life caseHyundai Chairperson went to jail for embezzlement and breach of trustProblem In late April 2006, Hyundai Motor Company chairman, Chung Mong-koo was arrested. This example would show us that the society absorb prevails over individuals interest.Problem expatiate The following month he was accused on charges of breach of trust, embezzling company funds, and causation damage to companies in the Hyundai group.Consequences In April 2006, the directors of Hyundai apologized to the public and said the Chung family would donate assets cost Won 1 trillion to society. In June 2006, Chung appeared in court and admitted his ungodliness to a certain extentKarna Eldest of the Pandava cronys, but not know to any of his brothers. Loyal friend of Duryodhana. Ethical dilemma of karna has been analyzed on following basis Why such a dilemma happened Karna was son of Kunti (Mother of pandavas). He was born before kuntis marriage and hence because of fear of hearty repubation, kunti floated the child in the river. Karna was brought up by Adhirath, the chariot driver of king. Karna was back up by Duryodhan when he was not accepted by anyone else. Duryodhana made him king of ngdesh. All these benefits by Duryodhan made karna indebted(predicate) to him. For rest of his life karna promised to be loyal to Duryodhan in return of all these benefits. here again we can see that an issue of faithfulness against moral values of karna coming into play. This is because karna was always aware(p) of what is morally right and what is morally incorrect but because of his committedness to Duryodhana he decided to remain loyal in place of being morally correct in his own eyes.Consequences of DecisionAs a consequence of his decision to remain loyal to a person (Duryodhan) instead of being moral or doing what is in benefit of larger people, Karna fought in the Mahabharata war from side of Kauravas. He was finally killed by Arjuna.Conclusionhither also we see that karna was considering his obedience towards a person (Duryodhana) to be more important than his moral values and doing the things for betterment of larger people. This analogy of karna can very well in this context be related to the way employees of Enron remained loyal to thei r top management by concealing the actual condition of the organization from the larger number of stakeholders. They did not go for morally correct decision of informing the condition of the corrupting organization to the stakeholders.An analogy with Corporate real life casedell Investors filed suit Over method of accounting PracticesProblem A group of investors had filed a lawsuit in Feb, 2007 alleging that dingle had used illegal accounting methods to hide secret kickback payments paid by Intel .This case would show us that though being associated with the firm , the investors didnt get deter to complain against Dell.Problem Details According to allegations, the payments from Intel were meant to ensure that Dell used only Intel Processors in its PCs according to suit. The investors claimed that Dells profits were inflated by hundreds of millions of dollars.Consequences Regulators from the U.S. Securities and Exchange delegation (SEC) and the U.S. attorney for the Southern Distr ict of New York launched an probe of Dells accounting practices due to which Dell had failed to file its quarterly earnings rime for the periods ending Aug. 4, 2006 and Nov. 3, 2006, leading the Nasdaq stock exchange to take the decision of displace Dell from its listing board for some period of time.YudhisthiraEldest son of Pandu, former king of Hastinapur. He is considered to be the best judge of right and wrong things. On the basis of his such a great knowledge he was awarded the title of dharmraj(King of right doings). But in Mahabharata we see even yudhishthira was caught in the web of ethical dilemma.Why such a dilemma happened This situation happened when Yudhishthira was invited by his younger brother Duryodhana for dhyut krida, a game of gambling. Those days the art of gambling used to make or break a kings reputation. Any person refusing to be a part of this game was considered every a coward or penniless. Yudhishthira as a king was well aware of the risk associated wit h the game yet he went beyond his limits by promise on his wife and ultimately losing to Duryodhan. Even though in the center of the game, he had a clue of his losing out badly yet to prove he was strong enough to take the game further, he not only insulted his wife but tarred his own image.Consequences of DecisionAs a consequence of giving priority to his impression on society over what he believed to be morally and ethically correct, it led to the decline of the fame of Yudhishthira. He lost his fame and respect in the eyes of the people who considered him to be a real distinguisher of right and wrong. This game of gambling is a blemish on the character of Yudhishthira till date.ConclusionBy analyzing the character of Yudhishthira, his act, reasons for act consequences of act we can conclude that decisions by people must be found on what is ethically correct rather than acting to inflate ones ego.An analogy with Corporate real life caseSamsung paid $ 90 m in DRAM caseProblem S amsung paid $90m to bring to an end lawsuits brought against it by 41 US states as a result of its function in a worldwide DRAM price-fixing cartel. This would show us how in a bid to control the market (similar to Yudhishthiras claim to pride though he knew that he was committing mistake ), Samsung fell in the trap.Problem Details Samsung, Elpida, Hynix and In alrighton were all found guilty by the US Department of Justice of conspiring to set memory prices between July 1999 and June 2002Consequences In May 2006, Samsung, Hynix and Infineon agreed to pay $160m to settle a class-action brought against them by individuals who claimed they were financially harmed by the alleged conspiracy.Vibhishan Vibhishan was the brother of Ravana. He was aware of the reality of Rama his real powers. For this reason he suggested Ravana to know the reality of Rama and move towards him making shri Rama his friend instead of making him his enemy. The dilemma faced by vibhishana is mentioned on follo wing basis Basis of humanity of Dilemma Vibhishan knew that Ramas power stood superior to that of his own brother (Ravana).He tried persuading Ravana to follow the path of goodness and extend a friendship relation to Rama. But when all his efforts went in vain, he was in a dilemma of whether to curb with his brother country at the time of war or should he stand in support of Rama, a person who he considered right. consequently here we see Vibhishana getting trapped between being a good obedient brother or being an enemy of his own brothers and country.Consequences of decision takenHe was insulted by his brother in forward of society and ordered to leave his kingdom. This all happened after all the efforts taken by Vibhishana to pacify his brothers and Ramas relations. Later he decided to follow the path which he believed to be morally correct and a path towards achieving Moksha. He went to Rama and became his friend and a very important advisor against difference of opinion wi th Ravana. At the end after winning the battle Rama offers the kingdom of Ravana to Vibhishana as pass on of his friendship and his gratitude towards his help and support in the war.Conclusion Here again we see an ethical dilemma faced by a character between his loyalty towards personal relations and an ethical path. But here if we see in detail about the conditions, actions taken and consequences faced by the character, we can conclude that at the end Vibhishana took the right decision of joining with Rama. As we can see that by joining with Rama Vibhishana ensures that the effects of battle should be minimal on the citizens of his own country Lanka. With deeper thought we stimulate that his decision was out of his true love and respect for his country for he knew that by joining Rama, undesired damages of his kingdom can be avoided. Hence by observing this situation of Vibhishana we can also say that what actually looked to be a person who shifted to the enemy camp in the time o f war and who was considered as a traitor by his own citizens was actually the real person concerned about the safety of his country. Here is a very good example by which we can explain that following ethical decisions may seem to be against some of the known and dear ones in the scant(p) run but finally it is the ethically and morally correct decisions which are really good for the betterment of the organizations. This example of ethical decision resulting in loss for an organization in the of a sudden run but finally coming out as the most beneficial decisions ever taken in history for the organization in long term can be seen very well from the ethical decision taken by Johnson Johnson while calling back all its medicines which were considered fatal for the health of people consuming these medicines. As a result of this decision organization faced a huge short run financial loss even it looked that company may go for loser but now finally it is seen by everybody that Johnson Johnson is the top organization in its field and has a very good brand value and is sensed as one of the best ethically driven organizations.An analogy with Corporate real life caseSEC fined TREND small chief operating officerProblem The allegation of suspicious trading of shares by Chen, chief executive and co founder of leading anti- virus firm Trend little on the major Chinese Internet Portal Sina.com. She was found to be in partner with the wrong dealings by his own maintain too. This example would show us that one shouldnt keep silent over his/her close ones misdeeds.Problem Details Apart from allegations of insider trading, there was also an interrogative sentence into whether Ms Chen under reported her holdings in Trend Micro chares.Consequences the CEO of Trend Micro was ordered to pay a fine by US Financial watchdogs. Also the US Securities and Exchange Commission did its investigations following the allegations. The company suffered huge losses due to it.Conclusion from the ejectionMost prominent ethical dilemma from Epics By the study of various characters from Mahabharata we have seen that there is prominent type of ethical dilemma which exists across large number of characters. This prominent type of dilemma is the dilemma of loyalty versus moral values. Here by loyalty we mean that loyalty of a person can be towards anything. This loyalty in case of Bhishma was towards his own pledge of protecting his king. In case of Karna this loyalty is towards Duryodhana. Here the reason of loyalty is again different. While in case of Bhishma the reason of loyalty is his pledge in case of Karna reason of loyalty is his being indebted to Duryodhan because of the benefits given by Duryodhan to him. Similarly for Yudhishthira the inclination was towards popularly accepted beliefs rather than his own inner voice telling him not to go ahead with the game. In Ramayana, Vibhishan on the other hand was an example to show that ethically taken decisions stand m uch superior to ones worldly relations.Existence of similar dilemma in present scenario The ethical dilemma faced by the large number of characters in Mahabharta can be seen in present scenario as well. This dilemma of loyalty versus personal moral values of an individual can also be seen in case of Enron failure. Here also as already explained above, employees found it their duty to remain loyal to the organization or top management by not concealing the degrading condition of organization to outside public.Conclusion From all the above mentioned examples we can conclude that following ethically and morally correct decisions are the ones which an organization or an individual should always go with though they may be hard to follow. This is because these decisions may look difficult and harmful when viewed in short term perspectives but these are truly the decisions which are going to be beneficial in long run. All successful individuals and organizations are those which have a resp ected and trustworthy image in the minds of the public and stakeholders it has. This resistant of image of individuals and organizations is never built in a day or so but is an effect of continuous dealings of ethical or moral values. According to Universalist theory of Business Ethics too, the interest of the larger mass prevails over individual interests It rightly says that the best moral choices are those that you want others to do , even when you cannot make yourself an exception , and ,that respect others as persons.

The Importance Of Language In The World English Language Essay

The Importance Of row In The World position lyric Essay spoken communication is the line of merchandise of the soul into which thoughts run and out of which they grow. Oliver Wendell Holmes.Language is a vital tool for communication. It is non completely a heart and soul of communicating thoughts and ideas, only if it builds friendships, economic relationships and cultural ties. We can communicate only with signs without lyric poem. More all over a verbiage distinguishes the differences and similarly celebrates the uniqueness of cultures in a country or in a region or in a community. A Language shapes the way bulk perceive the ground and it too helps to define culture of any society. Any run-in is a gift the knowledge of more than peerless wording strives a man more efficient and skilful in many ways. It opens our minds and guides us into a magical beingness of fancies and dreams. To certain the proper detecting of wrangle helps us to develop ourselves, our min ds, and as well our personality. Human voice communication is unique because it is a symbolic communication system that is learned instead of bio uniformly familial for some hatful.Functions of LanguageThe three important functions of a linguistic communication ar as followsInformative functionThe primary function of a speech is to communicate any breeding. This function accepts or denies assumptions such as the scientific fact or the factual statements. This function helps us to state the logical facts clearly.Expressive FunctionThe secondary function of a vocabulary is to baffle the feelings or emotions or attitudes of somebody. We piddle poetry and other forms of literature in assign to express our inner feelings in a better way. They recruit our feelings and also express our feelings.Directive FunctionThis function of language directs us to do some action. We come across directive function in requests and commands.Hence it is proved that language plays a important ro le in different walks of life.1.1.2 Importance of position incline has been the considered to be the number 1 off international Lingua Franca. In nows modern world the face language has flummox part and parcel of e truly existing field. It has been an international language of communication, business, science, information technology, entertainment and so on. Earlier everyone is considered to be literate by their degrees and diplomas, but the knowledge of slope language makes an individual literate in todays world. though many countries do realize position as their native language, those who have the command over the slope Language atomic publication 18 considered and respected as graduate(prenominal)ly educated. Moreover they ocean of career opportunities are opened to those slope speaking people anywhere and everywhere. It has pass away the working of incline and also an inevitable requirement for a number of fields, professions such as computation and medicine.In todays world of globalization, we have to get knowledge of advanced technologies and all(prenominal) kinds of branches of Science. There is an urgent requirement of such a honey oil language which can be understood by youth all over India and the language in which all data and information is available. Moreover incline language commences a store house of social and political knowledge. The closely recent and the almost sophisticated discoveries and inventions in science and technology are being made in the universities located in the United States of the States where side of meat language is the means of scientific discourse.The world of today inescapably slope for some of the following reasons lucreDue to the rapid harvest-tide of Information Technology e extraly the world of lucre, English Language rules users of Internet. We cannot be effective in the internet world without the English Language. It has also become the official language of the internet. The advent of o nline universities has now made it possible for everyone to learn English. anyone gets access to the features of internet charge across the countries. The Internet has opened up new career opportunities for every citizen of the world outside their respective countries. Internet has also plays a vital to promote and to spread the English language throughout the globe and more and more people are overt to the English language and the English has become also the language of the internet as well.EducationThe field of education has amplified the function of English Language. most of the educational resources, materials and books are in English. The global educational systems in the universities some the world have the requirement of English Language. People those who determine in abroad use English language as a mass medium of communication and learning. The lack of English knowledge makes anyone insufficient in the estate of education in todays world.CommunicationThe most import ant function of a language is to communicate properly. Hence English language also plays a powerful tool in communication. In order to communicate successfully, one needs a language that is commonly understood by most of the people in the speech community. For many years, English has become the common language globally understood and appreciated by virtually everyone. In other words English becomes an effective instrument to communicate with everyone or so the world. Information technology uses this ability of English to function well in the field of communication by internet and emails.TravelEnglish is mouth about the globe next to Mandarin Chinese. It has been stated that out of the most six billion people living in the world today around three hundred and fifty million do speak English. It has become the International concern Language. Many countries around the world make use of English Language for the governance. The relationship among the countries around the world is en hance by the effective communication in English. Language differs from nation to nation. When we become around the globe, the English Language becomes the rescue factor to communicate with everyone.BusinessEnglish language has been the language of business in todays electronic world. A good number of companies have ventured into sending the production to overseas in order to cut down their costs. In other words, the companies around the world are in to outsourcing and off-shoring business. In order to communicate with the business people of other countries, English Language becomes the effective tool. It is the trading language of the world to a certain extend. A sound knowledge of English Language makes an individual to be a successful business man around the world.1.1.3 English Language in IndiaWhen the British started ruling India, they searched for educated Indian mediators who could help them to administer India. The British Government turned to high circle Indians to work fo r them. Many high caste Indians, especially the Brahmans and the other people of high caste worked for them. The British policy was to create an Indian crystalize who should think like the British. It was said then in England Indians in blood and color but English in taste, in opinions and morals and intellect. The English also instituted in India universities based on English models with emphasis on English. These Indians also obtained their education in British universities. The English Christian missionaries arrived in India from 1813 and they also establi purge schools at primary level for Indians in which the language of instruction was local language and also they taught English. After that the missionaries established high schools with English as the language of instruction which gratified the Indians who wanted to understand to have a sound knowledge of English Language. The British rulers started building their universities in India from 1857. English turned to be the o utgrowth language in Indian education. The modern leaders of that age in India also substantiated English language and stated it to be the main mean towards victory. Indians who knew good English were considered as the new elite of India. Many new schools were set up in which the language of instruction was English. According to the British government laws the language of instruction at university level was English and therefore schools that stressed English were chosen by ambitious Indians. Even after the independence of India, English continued to be the foremost language of India. Officially English language was given a status of an assistant language and was supposed to throw in officially after 15 years of Indias independence, but it still continues to be the significant language of India.Even today the schools in India that give immensity to English are considered better schools and the same is the case at university levels, even though there is a tendency towards Indianizat ion. For a good number of students, English is their first language and it is easier for them to communicate, read and write in English than in Indian languages, including their mother tongues. In the 1970s and 1980s about one third of the Indian schools emphasized English as their first language.We do have many Indians becoming more and more notable in the English Language and in the English Literature. They have also won a good number of International awards for their knowledge and the subordination in English. One most famous among them is Arundati Roy, who won the prestigious booker Prize for her novel The God of small things. English has become the language of the latest business management in the world and Indian advance in English has brought glory to many Indian business managers. English is a means not only for international commerce it has become increasingly essential for inter-state commerce and communication.1.1.4. First year college students and their standard of E nglishThe first year college students of India especially of Tamilnadu come from different medium of higher(prenominal) secondary such as English, Angelo Indian, Tamil, State Board, CBSE and other vernacular medium. incessantly the standard of the English of these students vary significantly. Most of them jump into the college life on the spur of the moment without having sufficient knowledge of English language. Though there have been English as a subject in the educational system for nearly ten years in the school life, their knowledge of English is very poor and insufficient. They do struggle in many ways to struggle up with the College studies and they are disappointed. Many of them feel inferior and also do not put any effort to improve their standard of English language. Only very few of them come out of their nest and shed their tears to learn and to improve English. The causes for this condition of the students vary from individual to individual. Every student with insuffi cient knowledge of English so many things to allot about it. Hence this study about the first year college firing to students of Tamilnadu with a special reference to their standard of English, attempts to explore the hidden and dissonant problems in a significant manner.1.1.5 Reasons for choosing this topic for my research?After interacting and relating with the first college students all over Tamilnadu, I do feel and understand the struggles they permit with regard English Language. Most of the subjects are in English and also the medium of instruction is English. They become inferior and also they do not find the way to improve their standard of English in order to cope up with the new academic life. Hence I have made this study to help them out in my own way.1.1.6 have of My StudyMy study thus attempts to render solutions to the problems faced by the students with special reference to English Language learning and communication. Though this study allow for not remove all t he hurdles faced by the first year college going students, it will create an awareness to improve their standard. My study will also uncover all the hidden problems of them and show the verity without any prejudice. As future teachers and professors, we will understand our students in a better and help them out to walk towards the path of success.

Students Performance In Rural And Urban Areas Education Essay

Students Performance In Rural And Urban Areas passion riseNowadays, genteelness is the around of import aspect in society development. shal kickoff has to play a major role in ensuring the successful of the development. As for students, they need to constitute good skills and read to be proactive with an attach futuristic dress circle of mind. to a fault that, students atomic number 18 also need to be active in co curriculum activity along with superior academic feat. The learning environments also have major roles to play in learning and the domain of a function where the students lives can determine their feat in their studies. Reasons for the variations in achievement are geographic location, resources, availability of technology and also the musical none of teachers. These studies insufficiency to investigate the differences amid students transaction in hobnailed and urban areas. This purpose is to determine whether learning environment or living area is i of the meanss that contribute to their suffering transaction. Students performance is their achievements in their studies whether they have dispirited or blue performance. Urban area relates to the area that are border by cities and it is well populate areas compared to untaught area which is sparsely populated areas and it unremarkably farmland or country areas.The learning environments also have major roles to play in learning non only of favorable studies but of other disciplines in the school curriculumTopic of pastime The Differences between Students Performance in Rural and Urban AreasPurpose of report card 1) To investigate the differences between students performances in hoidenish andurban areas.2) To discuss the factors of low performance among students in coarse area.3) To find ways to address the achievement transgress differences between verdantand urban students.DISCUSSIONTHE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STUDENTS mental bear on IN RURAL AND URBAN AREASRecent didacticsal research has examined unsophisticated and urban differences in their achievement. Many educators, researchers, legislators and the general globe believe that students from homespun schools mostly receive an education that is inferior compared to the students that live in urban areas. Students background also impact on their performance where we can substantiate that legion(predicate) of the students that lives in verdant areas has low academic achievement when we compared it with the students that lives in urban areas. There are many factors that ca persona to the gap performance between students in rural and urban areas. Students in urban schools bring many excess compared to students in rural schools. The National instruction link said that the low performing youth are in public rural schools (Brown Swanson, 2001).The excellent performance of urban students is because of their better quality in their education, availability of the information that they exha ust from various sources standardised mass media and electronic media, their educated families and peers groups which religious service them for better performance. They have many advantages and facilities in their education compared to rural students. Students in rural areas less(prenominal) exposed to the outside populace and also lack of knowledge about the currents issues that happen.Education is proving to be in force(p) instrument that can raise students self-belief, forethought, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Students that lives in undeveloped resolution must try to dispatch the best education for them and do non make their living environment as one of the factors that be a barrier in their success. We also can see that students in rural areas are much less likely to earn a college storey than students of urban areas. The disparity is highest in rural areas where only 8 percent of rural residents over age 25 have a college degree, compared with 16 percent of the resi dents in urban areas (U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1999). So from these, we can crystallise that, there is a gap of performance between students that live in rural and urban areas due to some factors.FACTORS OF LOW PERFORMANCE AMONG STUDENTS IN RURAL AREASThere are many factors that contribute to the differences of performance between students in rural and urban areas.Family FactorAt the rural areas, family is one of the factors that determine their pip-squeak performance. In this speculate, students in rural areas have low performance compared to students in urban areas because it is relate to their raises education. Majority of parents in rural areas are less educated than parents in urban areas. The family background is the most important and weighty factor in determining the academic performance of learners (Adell, 2002 91). Survey found that, rural students felt no pressure to attain good performance when their parents expectations towards education were low. Parental encour agement has a imperious influence towards their peasant performance and at rural areas most of parents did not care about their child academic performance. approximately experts believe that parent expectations is the most influential factor affecting youth decisions to pursue education (Esterman Hedlund, 1995 Smith, Beaulieu, Seraphine, 1995).Low Socio-economic FactorThe students background relate to the low socioeconomic factor of their family also one of the factor that effect their performance in education. almost of the students that live in rural areas come from low income family. Their parents cannot provide them abundant educational resources at home. Compared to students at urban areas, the majority of them come from high income families and their parents are afford to sent them to their tuition classes in order to lease better performance. Urban students also can buy additional books for their references plot of land for the rural students, they non-exposure to ed ucational resources and it give affect their performance compared to those who have retrieve to such resources. Students who have access to more(prenominal) resources are advantage compared to those from ridiculous families because they can know more about the latest developments around them frankincense can assist them to improve their performance at schools.Lack of Facilities and ResourcesEducation promotes human capital as an asset that has greater or relieve oneself down rates of return depend on the quality of education that is provided. Some of the factors that contributing to the worthless performance are lack or resources and poor facilities in most schools especially in rural areas. Some of schools in rural areas are dilapidated compared to those in urban areas. The hassle regarding unequalised distribution of resources between provinces, rural and urban areas are still inherent (Motala Pampalis, 200156). Several schools in rural areas do not have laboratories a nd this plaza means that students learn science by rote learning. Facilities are important in order to make the teaching and learning wait on more effective. Students that live in rural areas provide less expose to the victimisation of technology because the facilities that were provided for them are not sufficient. This will make their learning process will be less effective and they will have less knowledge about current issues as well as how to use technology. Students in urban areas have many advantages in their learning process and with the advent of technology it will make easier for their select. They will more collar with their learning with the facilities provided.Less Qualified TeachersTeacher is the important role in order to create good performance students. nigh of the teacher did not want to posting in rural area because they think it will bring difficulty to them. So, the majority of teachers that were sent to the rural areas are the new(a) teachers that have less experience in teaching. Awoniyi (1981) remarked that there is a direct human relationship between the quality of teaching personnel and the quality of education process. Most of them did not master the teaching technique yet because they are still new in teaching area. When we compared to students in urban areas they usually have a teachers that have good communications skills in English. Most of teachers compete for placement in urban schools. So, rural school will have inadequate teacher and it will make their learning get along with disturbed and not running properly.WAYS TO ADDRESS THE ACHIEVEMENT intermission DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTSIn order to overcome the differences performance between students in rural and urban areas, several ways should be taken.The Role of GovernmentGovernment has to play a role in improving educational outcomes for rural students. Government should provide enough facilities to the schools that immovable in rural areas same as the urban schools. Besides that, administration also must provide a financial support to the students that lives in rural areas where we know that most of them come from low income families and not low-priced to gain a better education and services. Facilities that were provided must be ordinary and equal treatment should be given to rural schools same like urban schools. In addition, best educators also should be placed in rural schools because they can help students to improve their performance. Good teachers will make good students. Most important is government should ensure that teachers are adequately qualified to teach the subject that allocated for them and they can do their work properly. Education department also should visit all schools to establish and verify their of necessity to ensure that resources are allocated in line with their needs and status.Role of Parents small-arm the teachers play their role at school, parents should play their roles at home. Although parents in rural areas have no education, they can help their children performance in impairment of giving them moral supports and motivation to learn. Even they cannot help in impairment of provide resources to learn, they can give a support to their child to conduct hard to change the fate of their family. Parents should date how important of education to their child and their future. Parents can always ask their child about their learning throw out and accompanied them during doing their work. They also must always care about their child performance and monitor their progress.The Role of TeachersThe teacher is an important force in school learning. Teachers also one of the sources that can help in overcomes the problem of low performance among rural students. Teachers can help in advance the students to study hard and help them to complete most of their work at school during study time, where students can ask teachers if they do not see about the lesson. If they are doing work at home, nobody can help them since their parents might not be able to assist because most of parents in rural areas have less education. Teachers should encourage their students to participate in many activities because it will give them the opportunity to build their self-confident and positive self-esteem. Besides that, teacher also can create a caring and substantiative environment where students will feel more comfortable during their learning. Good relationship between students and teacher also good in order to improve students performance where when teachers are close with the students, students will feel easy and not shy to ask anything that they do not understand.The Role as a StudentThe students itself should realize the importance of education in their future lives. If they want a better life in the future they must study hard to get a good performance. Usually students at rural area does not care about their education and most of them dropout from schooling. This i s because they do not have motivation in their study and their parents also did not care about their performance. So in order to overcome the gap performance between students in rural and urban areas, rural students should set their mind that education is important to change their lives. When they have a lookout that education is important, they will study hard in order to get a good achievement.CONCLUSIONThe study presented the differences of performances between students in rural and urban areas. Rural and urban schools are characterized by its unique fortissimo and weaknesses. Rural and urban schools are much the same when it comes to resources and learning environments (EQR, 2003, p.45). provided there are many variables that affect students achievement and those variables are right away related to whether a school is considered a rural or an urban school. Some factors that contribute to the gap performances between students in these two areas were determined and also recomm endations in order to overcome this problem were suggested. Although some recommendations have been highlighted, solutions might not be easy for them. The suggestions for improving the performance among rural students is that they must understand their environment properly, and maintain their inner resources like self-efficacy and self-esteem. From this study we can conclude that, there have differences between students performance in rural and urban schools. Students that lives in urban area will get high performance excel opportunities provided by their location. Urban students have greater access to many resources and therefore have opportunities that are not easy accessible to rural students. Besides that urban parents were more professional and they realize the advantage of education. Parents of rural students were less likely to expect their children to advance their education. From the proportion of this study we can know what the differences between rural and urban schools are.

Cross Cultural Application Of Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Commerce Essay

Cross cultural Application Of Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Commerce EssayStudies have proposed that the potent use of human capital is likely the most important determining(prenominal) of organisational performance (Adler, 1991 cited in Fey 2005). This has prompted organisations to seek for trends to do their employees to build to their full potential and to ensure optimal organisational performance. Once of the most cited and discussed theories of pauperization is Abrahams Maslows Hierarchy of ineluctably, which is same as with new(prenominal) popular indigence theories, Maslows role model was based on research carried let erupt on individuals from the United States (Fatehi, 1996, Gibson 1994). slice it is reasonable to assume that this scheme gouge help managers in America, the movement arises as to its applicability to inter study management. The aim of this essay is to address that call into question employ America and China as case studies. This essay is structu re into three parts, the first part of this essay would consist of an overview of the various theories of motivation, the assist part would look at Hofstedes cultural dimensions of individualisation and collectivism musical composition the final part would analyse the applicability and implications of using Maslows surmisal of want within laissez-faire(a) and collectivisticic cultures (America and China respectively).MotivationAccording to Bateman and Snell (2007) motivation refers to forces that energize, cipher and sustain a persons efforts.Theories of MotivationThere atomic number 18 dickens groups under which motivation theories be classified namely meat theories and impact theories. Content theories, also known as the exigency theories are implicated with the internal itemors that motivate an individual. These theories suggest that individual demand keeps changing and that to motivate individuals, it is important to affect into consideration these necessitat e and fulfil them. Notable among the content theories is Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Herzbergs Hygiene Theory and McClellands Learned Need Theory. On the other side, the process theories of motivation are concerned with the how populate initiate, direct and maintain their motivations. These theories see motivation as a rational cognitive process. Examples include Adams equity system (1963), which assumes that people expect a equipoise to comprise amidst their contributions and their outcomes. They compare their circumstances with other similar people and if there is any inequity (if it is to their disadvantage) they adapt their behavior to lessen that inequity. Vrooms forecast Theory (1964) is also part of the process theories.Maslow Hierarchy of Need TheoryMaslows theory suggests that people willing satisfy basic-level inescapably before adjusting behaviour to satisfy higher-level needs. Once a lower need is satisfied, it ceases to be a motivator and the individual progresses to the next need in hierarchical order. bug Maslows Hieracy of Needs www.learnmanagement2.comSuch needs have been recognized by Maslow and in their hierarchical order, include physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem, and self-actualization. In Maslows model, individuals at the outset require to gratify physiological needs. Physiological needs are the fundamental frequency human needs which are necessary to maintain deportment and consist of food, clothing and shelter. Other desires present slight motivation pending the rejoicing of these basic needs. As soon as physiological needs are satisfied, safety becomes the next need. Safety characterizes the need to be emancipated of the fear of bodily harm, the want to experience freedom from lack of fundamental physiological needs and the desire for self-protection. Subsequently, the social need arises as the captain need to be satisfied. The social need represents striving for significant bloods with other people. Once the need for significant relationship is fulfilled, the individual begins to seek more than personal recognition and desires esteem or recognition from other people. The satisfaction of this need produces feelings of self-confidence, prestige, power, and control. After satisfying the need for self-esteem, self-actualization becomes the principal need. Self-actualization represents the desire to take full advantage of cardinals abilities and be what one is able to be (Maslow, 1970, Hersey, 1996, Gambel and Cianci, 2003). cultural DimensionsCulture can be defined as a governing body of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when interpreted together constitute a design for living (Hill, 2009 p. 89). According to Hofstede (1984), there are five dimensions of culture namely power distance, incredulity avoidance, individualism vs. Collectivism, Masculinity vs. Femininity.Power distance relates to the way a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in intellectual and physical capabilities. The perplexity avoidance dimension relates to the purpose to which different cultures socialised their members to accepting uncertainty and ambiguous situations According to Hofstede, members of high uncertainty avoidance cultures patch a premium of job security, benefits and demonstrate a strong resistance to transfer while the opposite applies to members of cultures with low uncertainty avoidance. Individualism and Collectivism refers to relationship between the individual and his fellows. In individualistic cultures, bonds between individuals are tripping and freedom an individual achievement are valued while in cultures where collectivism is emphasized, bonds are tight and individuals are supposed to look out for the interest of others before his own. Hofstedes masculinity versus femininity dimension refers to the distribution of roles between genders in a particular culture. (Hofstede, 1984, Hill, 2009).Overvie w of Individualism and CollectivismIndividualismAmongst individualistic societies, Hofstede (1984) suggests that individuals desire and gain a high quality of life as a result of success achieved by his or her efforts alone. Achievement, self-actualization, and self-respect make an individualistic society and furthermore typify self-esteem and self-actualization in Maslows power structure of needs. One conserves self-respect and separates civilise and private life in an individualistic society. In the work organization, completing the job task will come before developing relationships.CollectivismHofstede (1980) suggests that collectivism can be described by a tight social framework where differences exist between in-groups and out-groups. Individuals expect to be cared for by their fellows, which can consist of relatives, clans, or organizations in exchange for absolute allegiance. Hofstede (1982) also points out that individual are born into a collective society. Consequently, Hofstede (1984) suggests that in a collectivist society, a high quality of life is defined more in footing of the family and close relatives than the individual. In terms of the work environment, individuals from collectivist cultures do non separate their private lives from their jobs, relationships take precedence over job tasks and splendor is placed on the development of relationships as a requirement to work together effectively.American and Chinese CultureTo better understand the extent to which various factors motivates individuals from different cultures, it important to look at their national culture. The national culture of America and China shall be discussed briefly using Hofstedes (1984) model. contempt the short coming of this model, it is still widely used because it provides data on characteristics of culture based on a large number of respondents from variant of countries.Dimension America ChinaPower Distance 40 80Individualism 91 20Uncertainty Avoidance 46 40M asculinity 62 66Source Hofstede, G (1983), The Culture theory of relativity of Organisational Practices and Theories, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.14 (4) pp.75-89American CultureHofstede shows that, the ordering of needs in Maslows hierarchy represents a value woof Maslows value choice. This choice was based on his mid-twentieth century U.S. middle class values (1984, p. 396). Maslows hierarchy was developed during an era when the American culture stressed individual achievement. The rapid growth of this country, which was facilitated by strong emphasis on education, lifestyle and line of achievement opportunities, influenced the formulation the needs demonstrated on Maslows model (Gambel and Cianci, 2003). Hamden, Turner and Trompenaar (1993) argue that the American culture places a lot of emphasis on make the individual self reliant as against be influenced by his or her external environment or others. Nevis (1983) also states that the American culture ov er the years has developed from assumptions that stress the independence of the individual. It can be support from the research done the Maslows Theory was based on individualism that was ordinary in the American society. The question therefore arises as to whether this theory can be applied to cultures that are high on the collectivism dimension.Chinese cultureLit et al (2002) state that research on cultural studies identify family oriented collectivism as a key Chinese cultural characteristics. According to Triandis (1996), the Chinese are collectivist individuals. Similarly, Smith and Bond(1993) points out that a lot of research have discovered that the Chinese place a lot of emphasis and brilliance on family values and hierarchy. This characteristic is also noticed in the work environment Chinese course practices are influenced by family-oriented collectivism and the structure of their organisations supports the collectivist nature (Nevis 1983, Li et al, 2000). These factors suggest that a Chinese hierarchy of needs would differ significantly from Maslows original model.The main issue concerning Maslows Theory and its ability to apply to Chinese cultures is the typefaces of self realisation and the need for social belonging. Other needs much(prenominal) as physiological and safety needs are basic needs that are present in any culture, although it may not be sought later on in the sequence proposed by Maslow. However, his hierarchy of needs places the need for social belonging as being desired after physiological and safety needs are met. temporary hookup self actualisation is the ultimate need. While these may be applicable in the American society, such cannot be said concerning the Chinese. Being a collectivist culture, one of the main focuses of individuals in such societies is to look out for the well being of their immediate family and relations. Such characteristics are acquired from young as the individuals watch the way their fellows inter act. It is therefore not a need that they aspire to or desire but rather one that is already embedded in their environment. This need therefore, cannot be used as a motivator for individuals from collectivist cultures specially China.Another problem with the application of this theory in collectivist cultures is the importance Maslow places of self actualisation. Self actualisation is seen as the chief desire of individuals. While this is possible in cultures that are highly individualistic, the same doesnt apply to collectivist cultures. As demonstrated in the literature on collectivist cultures, the aspect of self is not emphasized while communal thinking is promoted in place of individualistic behaviours. In cultures such as China, the need for Self-actualisation as proposed by Maslow may not exist at all.The implication of this is curiously important for managers who are working in cross cultural environment. When using Maslows theory of motivation, it should be clear as to wh o such motivations are targeted to. Generalising this theory as being applicable to individuals from diverse cultures may not be in the best interest of management as they may not achieve their aim of motivating their employees to full potential. Although Maslows Hierarchy of Need theory is an important contribution that can help managers in motivating their employees, it should be handled carefully when dealing with individuals from diverse backgrounds.

Economic Growth and the Environment

Economic Growth and the EnvironmentWill the world be up to(p) to sustain stinting harvest-festival indefinitely without running into mental imagery constraints or despoiling the milieu beyond repair? What is the relationship betwixt a aro subroutine increase in incomes and environmental quality? Are there trade-offs surrounded by the goals of achieving high and sustainable rates of frugal harvest-festival and attaining high standards of environmental quality. For some societal and physical scientists, growing stinting use (production and consumption) chooses bigger inputs of get-up-and-go and material, and generates larger quantities of waste byproducts. Increased extraction of natural imaginations, assemblage of waste, and concentration of pollutants would overwhelm the carrying capacity of the biosphere and result in the degradation of environmental quality and a decline in human welfare, despite raise incomes. Furtherto a greater extent, it is argued that degradati on of the resource base would eventu eachy put sparing activity itself at risk. To save the environment and even sparing activity from itself, economic ontogenesis must cease and the world must make a transition to a steady-state economy.At the other extreme, are those who argue that the instant(prenominal) road to environmental improvement is a tenacious the room of economic increment with higher incomes comes increased demand for goods and services that are less material-intensive, as considerably as demand for motley environmental quality that leads to the acceptation of environmental protection measures. The strong correlation between incomes, and the extent to which environmental protection measures are adopted, demonstrates that in the longer run, the surest way to improve your environment is to become rich, Some went as far as claiming that environmental regulation, by reducing economic growth, may actually minify environmental quality.As agriculture and resource e xtraction intensify and industrialization takes off, both(prenominal) resource depletion and waste generation accelerate. At higher levels of learning, structural change towards information-based industries and services, more efficient technologies, and increased demand for environmental quality result in leveling-off and a steady decline of environmental degradation (Panayotou 1993), as seen in the Figure 1 belowThe issue of whether environmental degradation (a) increases monotonically, (b) decreases monotonically, or (c) first increases and then declines along a countrys growth path, has critical implications for policy. A monotonic increase of environmental degradation with economic growth calls for strict environmental regulations and even limits on economic growth to ensure a sustainable scale of economic activity inside the ecological life-support system (Arrow et al. 1995) A monotonic decrease of environmental degradation along a countrys development path suggests that pol icies that accelerate economic growth lead excessively to rapid environmental improvements and no explicit environmental policies are needed indeed, they may be counterproductive if they slow down economic growth and thereby condition environmental improvement.Finally, if the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is supported by evidence, development policies have the potential of beingness environmentally benign over the long run, (at high incomes), just now they are also capable of signifi gitt environmental damage in the short-to-medium run (at low-to-medium-level incomes). In this case, several(prenominal) issues arise (1) at what level of per capita income is the turning point? (2) How much damage would have interpreted place, and how can they be avoided? (3) Would any ecological thresholds be violated and irreversible damages take place before environmental degradation turns down, and how can they be avoided? (4) Is environmental improvement at higher income levels automa tic, or does it require conscious institutional and policy reforms? and (5) how to accelerate the development process so that developing economies and economies in transition can experience the resembling improved economic and environmental conditions enjoyed by real market economies?Policy responseIn the OECD countries we observe a strong decoupling of emissions of local air pollutants from economic growth. OECD countries have achieved a strong decoupling between push use and economic growth over the past 20 years, with the economy growing by 17% between 1980 and 1998 and energy use falling by the well-nigh the same percentage. Water and resource use go along to grow but at a rate slower than GDP growth reflecting a weak decoupling of the two. Thus decoupling of emissions in OECD and generally the developed ECE countries has been accomplished through with(predicate) with(predicate) a combination of technological change and a strong environmental policy. The latter consistin g of greening of fiscal policy, removing subsidies to environmentally harmful activities and the use of economic instruments to internalise environmental cost.A number of EU policy initiatives, such(prenominal) as the Broad Economic Policy Guidelines 2001, among others have promoted a bit-by-bit but steady and credible change in the level and building of the tax rates until external be are fully reflected in prices, to cope with most of the fundamental structural problem in all developed countries, the unsustainable patterns of production and consumption. In the energy markets these guidelines aim to uses taxes and other market-based instruments to rebalance prices in favour of reusable energy sources and technologies. Other EU initiatives in this advocate are the European Climate Change Programme (ECCP), the directive establishing an EU framework for emissions trading, and the Integrated Product Policy (IPP) all of which aim at realigning price relations and stimulating investm ents in new technologies that promote sustainable development. Member states are encouraged to improve market functioning by addressing market failures such as externalities through increased use of market-based systems in pursuit of environmental objectives as they provide flexibility to industry to reduce pollution in a cost effective way, as well as encourage technological innovations. Economic instruments such as slack but steady and credible change in the level and construction of tax rates until external costs are fully reflected in prices are promoted as the most efficient means of decoupling economic growth from pollution, as they alter price relations and thereby also grow changes in technology and consumer behaviour (preference) that lie behind the growth-environment relationship. As exemplified by the energy and transport sectors, the EU decoupling policy consists of demand management through full-cost pricing and development of more environmentally friendly alternati ves by promoting technological innovations.Since 1990 all economies in transition have made efforts to restructure their energy and transport sectors along market principles and to raise energy prices closer to economic and international levels. However because of the political sensitivity of energy pricing and the fall back reforms in many transition economies a gap of 20-85% continues to persist between energy prices in economies in transition. For example electricity prices for households in easterly Europe are only 50 percent of those of the European partnership for industrial consumers, electricity prices are closer to their economic and international levels being 20% lower than those of the EU. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe has repeatedly called upon its members to raise the prices of various energy sources to their full economic costs and vary economic instruments to internalise the costs to human health and the environment associated with energy produc tion and consumption. The aim is to decouple emissions from energy use and energy use from economic growth.Despite significant leave towards sustainable development developed countries are still experiencing unsustainable consumption patterns as evidenced by the continued growth of municipal waste and CO emissions. As transition economies engender to recover and grow again their emissions and resource use are also growing though less than proportionately. Their GDP energy-intensity, though declining, continues to be several times that of the developed countries while their consumption patterns are tracing the same path as that of their developed counterparts. Further decoupling of growth and environment and progress towards sustainable development calls for action on many fronts by both groups of countries as well as cooperation between them especially in technology transferUse of an effective mix of economic instruments such as taxes, charges and tradable permits to correct marke t and policy failures and to internalise environmental and social costs and induce changes in the composition of consumption and production.Improvement in resource use efficiency and dematerialization of the economyChange in the content of economies growth and this involves adjustments costs which tend to be greater the faster is the rate of change in relative prices in particular those who lose need to be compensated by those who benefitIntroduction of specific policies to preserve the aliment standards of those directly affected by the required adjustment and to avoid unemployment and social disruption issues of inequality and social exclusion must be addressed.

The Tempest - Barbarism versus Civilization :: English Literature Essays

The Tempest - Barbarism versus CivilizationIn Shakespeares play, The Tempest, an cardinal theme of barbarism versus civilization appears. Shakespeare creates characters that exemplify symbols of nature or nurture. The symbolism of the characters is derived from their actions. These actions show Shakespeares view of the uncivilized and the civilized, as well as help the reader develop his own opinion of each human face. In this whimsical play, Prospero, the former Duke of Milan, after being supplanted of his dukedom by his brother, arrives on an island. He frees a spirit named Ariel from a spell and in loose makes the spirit his slave. He also enslaves a native monster named Caliban. These devil slaves, Caliban and Ariel, symbolize the theme of nature versus nurture. Caliban is regarded as the representation of the wild the side that is usually looked down upon. Although from his repulsive behavior, Caliban can be viewed as a detestable beast of nature, it can be reasonably infer red that Shakespeares draped was to make Caliban a sympathetic character. During the first encounter, Caliban comes across very beastly and immoral. While approaching Calibans cave, Prospero derogatorily says, he never/Yields us kind answer, pith Caliban never answers respectfully. When Prospero reaches the cave, he calls to Caliban. Caliban abruptly responds, Theres wood bounteous within. His short, snappy reply and his odious tone, reveal the bitterness he feels from direct a servile life. Calibans rudeness makes him seem like an noisome and despicable slave. Also, Caliban displays an extreme anger toward Prospero. When Caliban is asked to come forth he speaks corruptly, As wicked dew as eer my mother brushed/With antedates feather from unwholesome fen/Drop on you some(prenominal)And blister you all oer Calibans attitude and disregard is unfitting for a servant. However, his actions are justified. Until Prospero arrived on the island, Caliban was his own king. The island was left to him by his mother, Sycorax. Nevertheless, Prospero took charge of the isle and eventually enslaved Caliban. Thou strokst meI loved thee is partly of a quote that illustrates Calibans relationship with Prospero before he was his slave. Prospero soothe Caliban and gave him water and berries he taught him how to speak, as well. During this time Caliban loved Prospero and showed him the features of the island, The fresh springs, brine-pits, sinless place and fertile Caliban regrets helping Prospero as he says towards the destruction of his speech, Cursed be I that did so Caliban feels this way due to his imprisonment.

Development Of Art :: essays research papers

What Is guile?-An In-Depth Analysis-Humans confine always struggled to declaim themselves. subterfuge, is considered by many to be the ultimate form of human expression. numerous assume that nontextual matter has a definition, but this is not the case. Art, it advise be said, is in the eye of the beholder. This simply means that what you consider art, someone else would not. Art is part of a persons internal emotions, which signifies why dissimilar people see art as different things. Every compositors case of culture and era presents distinctive and unique characteristics. Different cultures both have different views of what art can, and would be, causing art itself to be universally famed throughout the world.The first art to be recorded was done by the early Egyptians who used it as a form of communication and to designate their religious beliefs. Their beliefs were centered around their many Gods which helped in aiding their visual representations. What make Egyptian art unique, was that every picture told a story of an crucial raset in the society, which helps us study who they were as a people, and what their liveliness struggles were. This primitive form of art laid the ground- crap for the many types of art which would follow it.The next important era was the snip of Greek art. Their work was greatly influenced by the Egyptians. Their early art was very geometric in shape and glorified Gods and people in their works. Eventually as time progressed, they began to soften their edges and lines and concentrate on the human form, which they considered the most beautiful of all creation. Christian art was the next big leap for art. This art was more colorful and displayed vivid images and scenes. The introduction of the mosaic was probably the greatest region of the period. In the fifteenth century, the Renaissance period involved brighter colours and smart mediums that the world had never seen before. Through these early stages of art discu ssed above, it shows how the foundation for nows modern works was laid out. They show how art has develop from simple cave paintings, to the tremendous force in society that it is today.Art is one of the most intriguing and exiting forms of human expression. A picture can tell a thousand words and often stir up feelings inside the viewer. Art is all around us.buildings,electronic equipment like a computer, and even automobiles are all a form of art.

Dead Poets Society :: essays research papers

The spine overrefinement movie that should be used as a role position to all pargonnts would be Dead Poets Society. This movie gives parents a lesson in adolescent parenting skills. Skills that are usually over looked by e very parent. push button your child you may have thought was good to a point, pushes many kids to the thought of suicide.This movie is about Welton an all boys college preparatory school for the rich. Mr. Keating who is the rude(a) English teacher at that place, was once a student there also. He enters the class room with a different style of teaching. While otherwise teachers were stiff neck and had a conventional style of teaching, Keating came in with a style that was unorthodox and the other teachers feared this. He came into the class room talk Carpe Diem which means seize the day. He taught the kids to be free thinkers, and ways to read poetry deeper that just the words. The biggest thing that he introduced his students to was the Dead Poets Society, an boldness that sucked the bone marrow out of life was started with Keating himself and ended when he graduated. The students were intrigued and started this surreptitious society as soon as they could. The students soon realized the avowedly consequence of poetry. They were able to be come better poets and interpreters of the true meaning of poetry. The students start to realize that this is there life and their parents cannot make all there decisions. in one case one of the students realize this he has a tragic accident. Mr. Keating is blast because the administration blamed him.Neil Perry was a student at Welton. He was very fortunate to go there, his parents made some great sacrifices. In subject for the sacrifices his parents had to make, his father felt it was necessary to make his decisions for him. Mr. Perry would not allow Neil to go into in any extra-curricular activities. Neil went behind his fathers back and auditioned for a do work, and received the blow over role. He needed a letter of approval from his father, so Neil wrote it himself. Once his father found out he flipper and said, Neil I forget not allow you to ruin this great opportunity to be an actor, what are you stupid. Mr. Perry also told his son that he must drop out of the play the day before its premiere.

On Iron Laws of Economics :: Economics Essays

On Iron Laws of sparing scienceABSTRACT 1. A strong interest shown by modern order to the sphere of economic attitudes, and connected to it the growing authority of the economists. - 2. Perception close to the iron laws of economics as highest criteria of economic activity and life in general (economic fatalism). - 3. An exploration of the most widespread motives of housekeeping struggle for a survival, earning ones life, earning on the black day. - 4. Logical circumvention of all these motives sustain by the daily facts. - 5. Managing for the sake of managing - professions for amateurs. - 6. Narrowing the sphere of action of the economic laws from all to wishing. - 7. Optionality of the iron laws of economy, even for those wishing to be industrious in it. (with examples). Dependence of economy on ethics and psychology. - 8. The essence of the unemotional fatalism, its incompleteness and discrepancy. - 9. political economy as a game, initiated and regulated by the government. fall of the status of economic game with the eldering of the population. - 10. Inevitability of occurrence of shadow welkin in economy, which considers as its basic purpose the obtaining of the profit. 11. A dilemma come up before any man without preconception to admit economy to be a dirty business, fun for the adults, or to search for the triad way, which... 12. ...on my sight, consists of returning to the initial sense of the word economics-a reasonable running of an economy, or keeping house keeping) - 13. The elementary analysis of this definition. - 14. The task of philosophy of economics in the given context. - 15. Concept of organic economics demanded by authentic life, instead of the obsolete, and diminishing influence of the exclusively mechanical approach. Universal eccentric person of this concept. Economics is a special world, with its own laws and problems, dramas and contradictions The textbook Modern EconomicsRespectable colleaguesIts unlikely, that I need to explain to any of you, what place in our life the phenomena of economic order has achieved. The well-known market attitudes have penetrated into lots every, sphere of our life, even most intimate. The leading economists, beginning from Marx and ending with the leave liberals, habitually incur the role of critics and prophets, predicting the possible and even the certain future. In their own declarations, they have the right to do it, because of a vast experience of the nature of economics.

Hard Times :: Dickens Hard Times Essays

Hard Times   In this paper I would like to discuss the possibly affects that this book might have had on the world, the quantify around Charles heller, and the fact that Charles hellion paid close worry to the world around him.   Charles Dickens, born Charles John Huffman Dickens, was born on Feb. 7 1812 in Portsmouth where his father was a clerk at the Naval sacrifice Office. Four years later his family locomote to Chatham and then later moved to London. In 1824 Charles Dickens father went to Debtors Prison. In 1833 Charles Dickens published his first gear story A Dinner at Poplar Walk. In 1838 one of Dickens most popular stories, Oliver Twist, was published in deuce-ace volumes. In 1851 Charles Dickens father passed away. Next in 1861, another Dickens classic was published, Great Expectations. On June 9 Charles Dickens dies, at the bestride of fifty-eight. And was buried in Westminster Abbey.   This is the Penguin Classics version of Hard Times by Charles Di ckens that has be en edited by Kate Flint, who also added the introduction. I was inefficient to find any information round the editor, other than her name. I take that Charles Dickens books, this one included, have had a great affect on the world. Not only in the fact that few of the books that he has compose are considered to be classic or in the fact that some of these books are required reading in many high schools by dint of out the U.S.. But also in the fact that I c any up some of his books had an influence in the way the some of the laws in his time where formulated.   The way that Charles Dickens go about doing this is by writing about the social bothers within the government or just problems with the way that affaire are being done in general. One example that I have found was in chapter 11, page 77, and footnote number 8. The take out says I ha coom to ask yo, sir, how I am to be ridded o this woman. When you look at the footnote it says that this line in t he book is speaking of a problem that was quite common during Charles Dickens time period. The problem that this line speaks of is that it was all but impossible for a person who was of lower class to draw and quarter a divorce.

Slavery and Sex Trafficking Essay -- Ethical Issues, HIV/AIDS

When we hear the battle cry slavery our mind paints a picture of colonial America cut down in the South with big plantation houses harvesting wheat, with workers being amateurish and unfairly treated. At this time in our county we were struggling with the idea of equation for all. America has come a long way from those days still not with out a fight. Abraham Lincoln, the Civil Rights moment and free and universe education has been addressed. Today, we memorial tablet a new conflicts and a different eccentric person of slavery. Slavery and depend on trafficking is occurring not just overseas but at home as well. In 2004, 800,000 to 9000,000 men women and children are trafficked across transnational borders every year, including 18,000 to 20,000 in the US. Worldwide slavery is in the millions But the issuing doesnt stop at just slavery but at also includes sex trafficking and whoredom. (p. 506) In Kate Butchers article she discusses the difference between prostitution and s ex trafficking and that solution to this problem is to address and promote human rights and functional with laws that are already in place to address health issues such as human immunodeficiency virus/ back up and the human rights of passel in the sex industry. In John R. Millers article he believes that sex trafficking should be roam under strict regulations and do to so we must support and lead for action to be through with(p) at home and aboard and the establishment must wee willingness to enforce economical penalties on counties that give antislavery laws meaning. In 2003 the Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Act of 2003 was passed. Its said, No funds do available to carry out this Actmay be employ to provide assistance to both group to organization that does not have a policy explicitly opposing prostitution and sex traffickin... ...e face corrupy and complit police and trying to fight diseases such as HIV/AIDS its a challenge. (p.506) Miller p oses that here at home and abroad we need to support action taken against antislavery and have a willingness to impose economic penalties. I do agree that something needs to be done but I believe that Miller is over looking the economic effects his plan has on normal everyday children, women and men in those counties that benefit from exports and imports. If the government is corrupted they wont care about the workers or the poor man. They want to make money in any possible way.To solve the problem of prostitution, sex trafficking, human trafficking, the speed of HIV/AIDS and slavery something has to be done. However, we should keep in mind the people we will be affecting and all the ripples are laws will frame in every aspect of their lifes.

The west :: essays papers

The westThe West was a form of caller rather than an area. It is the term utilise to the region whose social conditions result from the application of older institutions and ideas to the transforming influences of free land. By this application, a new environment is suddenly entered, freedom of opportunity is opened, the stripe of custom is broken, and new activities, new lines of growth, new institutions and new ideals, are brought into existence. The state of nature disappears, the West proper passes on to a new frontier and, in the former area, and a new society has emerged from this contact with the backwoods. Gradually this society loses its primitive conditions, and assimilates itself to the type of the older social conditions of the East but it bears inside it enduring and distinguishing survivals of its frontier experience. Decade after decade, West after West, this conversion of American society had gone on, and left its traces behind it, which reacted on the East. The business relationship of our political institutions, our democracy, is not a history of imitation, of simple borrowing it is a history of the evolution and adaptation of organs in response to changed environment, a history of the origin of new political species. In this sense, therefore, the West has been a constructive force of the highest significance in our life. The West, as a mannikin of social organization, began with the Atlantic coast, and passed across the continent. But the colonial tidewater area was in close touch with the Old World, and soon lost its Western aspects. In the middle of the eighteenth century, the newer social conditions appeared along the upper waters of the tributaries of the Atlantic. present it was that the West took on its distinguishing features, and transmitted frontier traits and ideals to this area in later on days. On the coast were the fishermen and skippers, the merchants and planters, with eyes turned toward Europe. Beyond the falls of th e rivers were the introduce farmers, largely of non-English stock, Scotch-Irish and German. They constituted a distinct people, and may be regarded as an expansion of the social and economic life of the middle region into the backcountry of the South. These frontiersmen were the ancestors of Boone, Andrew Jackson, Calhoun, Clay, and Lincoln. working capital and Jefferson were profoundly affected by these frontier conditions. The forest clearings have been the semen plots of American character.

Diamond Mining :: Mine Mining Techniques Diamonds

All over the world argon different locations where you great deal find this precious jewel, Africa being the main location. How do we get diamonds out of the earth you ask? By MINING them The rendering of digging is the act, process, or work of removing ores, coal, and so on from a mine, glacial deposit, etc.Physical Properties of a rhomb Hardness Diamond is a go bad 10, defining the top of the hardness scale Clarity Diamond is transp arnt over a larger range of wavelengths more than about(prenominal) other mineral Thermal Conductivity Diamond conducts heat better than any other mineral Melting Point 3820 degrees Kelvin (the highest) wicket gate Density Diamond atoms are packed closer together than are the atoms of any other substance.Where are diamonds from?Diamonds have been found in every single continent. Most of the diamonds today are mined in African countries. They were formed by molten lava millions of years ago. Before any diamonds are fou nd you must look for its indicator minerals. Different indicator minerals are found as you go deeper into the soil. The indicator minerals of a diamond accommodate garnet, chromite, ilmenite, clinopyroxene, olivine, and zircon.What is alluvial excavation?Diamonds can be found in alluvial, or loose earthy material deposited by running water, formations. Alluvial mining is done by the open-pit method. The process involves removing the overlying barren ground, digging up the bearing ground, and then extracting the diamonds. In Sierra Leone the technology involves shovel and pan, with some hand sloshing to gravitate diamond to the bottom of the pan so that it can be sorted out.What is kimberlite mining?Diamonds can be found in volcanic pipes filled with a blue rock called kimberlite. when mining a kimberlite pipe the initially loose and eventually hard ore material is remote with large hydraulic shovels and ore trucks. Hard rock is drilled and blasted with explosives so the broken ma terial can be removed. When deep the mining goes hugger-mugger with vertical shafts descending to horizontal drifts, or passageways that enter the pipe. It requires 20 stacks of kimberlite to yield a diamond on average.How can you take crock up in this career?Be a Mining EngineerMining engineers mostly work in the mining industry, planning, designing and operating cake and underground mining operations. These mines, which are located in all 50 states and every country of the world except Antarctica, produce the minerals needed to protagonist clothe, feed, and house the worlds population.

The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas Essay -- Eurozone Countries, Comm

The theory of optimal notes areas (oca) explores the conditions under which a common funds can maximize the economic efficiency of a region. It strives to identify the essential characteristics for forming a common currency zone as well as its possible costs and benefits. The research has also provided more insight into the area of optimum transfigure rate management. The phrase optimum currency area was first coined by Mundell in 1961 in his creative paper entitled A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas. Since indeed the theory has seen little development and the subject area has often lacked prudence from economists. However, the formation of a European Monetary Union (EMU) has stimulated a resurgence of interest in the topic. (Citation)The cosmea of the EMU has been an ambition of the European Union (EU) since the late 1960s. However, the timeline for achieving the EMU and a common currency was not agreed upon until the signing of the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. The treaty eli minated the national barriers to the movement of goods, wear upon and capital within the EU, as well as planning the creation of the euro currency and the European Central Bank. (Bean, 1992) The euro was finally adopted on the beginning(a) Dec 1999 by eleven of the EU countries - as well as the Vatican, Andorra, Monaco and San Marino - and has subsequently been expanded further to Greece, Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta, Slovakia, Montenegro and Estonia. (Citation)When Mundell introduced the OCA theory, the EMU was not a consideration and it was merely seen as an academic question. Mundell began by defining a currency area as a domain within which exchange rates are fixed and posed the prominent question What is the catch domain of a currency area?. To tackl... ...f incomes and extent of trade amoung the members. The OCA line is downward sloping as the advantages of a common currency depend positively on trade and negatively on income correlation. The higher(prenominal) and further righ t the points are the more benefitial a common currency would be. Points that are low and left should float their own individual currency. He declared that a common currency for Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and Netherlands would be plus but would be a hindrance for Europe as a whole. However, Frankel outlined that The OCA Criterion Might Be Satisfied Ex Post, Even If Not Ex Ante. He expanded by stating that through the formation of a common currency area countries that were downstairs the OCA line could end up above it. Frankel indentified this would happen receivable to increased trade integration which causes a higher income correlation. (Frankel, 1999)

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: Free Essay Writer

To Kill A scofferTo Kill a mockingbird by Harper lee is an award-winning novel, published in 1960. Through six-year old Scout, her narrator, Harper Lee move an affectionate and detailed portrait of Maycomb, Alabama, a small, sleepy, depression-era town. The main plot concerns the audition of an unjustly accused black man who is steadfastly defended by Scouts father, a respected lawyer. C ever soywhereing a period of one year during Scouts childhood in Alabama, the story reflects the details of small-town livelihood in the South and examines the painfully unjust consequences of ignorance, prejudice, and hate, as well as the values of courage, honor, and decency. Harper Lee shows that what appears may not always be real by presenting life like situations during the story. One of the main themes in To Kill A Mockingbird is racism. Maycomb has both a black and white community. Both sides save racial views about severally other. When Jem and Scout go to the black perform a woman comes out and says, You Aint got no transaction bringin white chillun here they got their church, we out ours. (Pg. 119) Both communities ar hostile towards each other. When a black man is accused of a crime he doesnt commit, he is still found guilty because of his skin color. It is verbalize in the book, In our courts, when its white mans word against a black mans, the white always wins. Theyre ugly, but those are the facts of life. (Pg. 220) However most of the white mountain agree with this. Most of them ideate that Tom Robinson is guilty just because of the color of his skin. The Radley dimension also threatens the lives of people brave enough to venture near it. The children believe that anything that comes from the Radleys soil is poison, including the zesty and fruits on the trees. Jem yells at Scout once saying about the Radley property Dont you know youre not supposed to even touch the house over there? Youll get killed if you do (pg. 33). Jem also goes so far as t o say, if Dill wants to get himself killed, all he had to do was go up and knock on the front door (pg. 13) No child has ever died from touching something on the Radley property, yet the children continue to believe it to be true. They watch Boo, Finchs neighbor who never came out of his house, as a fearful beast that eats squirrels and rats with his bare hands who loves to kill children.

Universality and the Particular Essay -- Poetry Literature Authors Wri

Universality and the ParticularHi fiction, Gilman writes, is, or should be, the story of our racial life (Gilman 216). Eliot is a bit less succinct, but possibly he could be most pithily summed up as saying The billet of the poet is not to find new emotions, but to use the ordinary ones and, in working them up into poetry, to express feelings which ar not in positive emotions at all (Eliot 1919, 23). It is not immediately evident what either generator means by these statements, however, they both contain the core of the argument. Both authors brace their individual aims and intents with their writings, however, in spite of the differences, their arguments find more common maroon than disagreement. Their terminology is certainly different, but they see the purpose and aims of publications as by and large the same.Literature, according to Gilman, originated as the legitimate child of verbal tradition, a product of natural brain activity (218). Implicit in this, and made e xplicit elsewhere, is that literature is inherently a form of communication. And, since our in truth life depends on some communication, Gilman indicates very strongly that literature, both in its ancestry and in its current incarnation, provides an extremely important role in our existence (218). She elaborates on this notion of communication, however, and specifies that a passionate interest in other peoples livesis the most vital art (218). To her, the pattern of the great field of human life is the task of all literature and is crucial to the very existence of society (218). We can presume that on that point is some bias in her argument, as people tend to mobilise highly of their chosen craft. The essential element, however, is Gilmans focus on th... ...e essentially expansionist, forcing the borders outwards to include women in literature. Eliot, on the other hand, seems to be abject inward and examining and rejecting a certain event of reader, a certain type of poe t. However, both, ultimately see literature as capturing the entirety of the human existence. The weapon for doing so in their arguments differ greatly, but the intent and the final goals are the same. Where one speaks of the human soul, the other speaks of impersonality and mean the same thing. Works CitedEliot, T.S. The Impersonality of Poetry. Issues in Contemporary Critical Theory A Casebook. Ed. Peter Barry. London Macmillan, 1987. 23.Eliot, T.S. village and His Problems. Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. New York W.W. Norton, 1963. 180-184.Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper and Other Writings. New York Bantam, 1989.

Mastery by Robert Greene: The Steps to Mastery Essay -- creative task,

I am engage a Masters ground level in Instructional Design and Technology. With this degree, I hope to gain the skills to suspensor revolutionize education with the use of technology. In 1907 Maria Montessori, embarked on much(prenominal) a journey (American Montessori Society, 2013). She was invited to open a center for children living in the poor, inner-city of Rome (American Montessori Society, 2013). While working there, Maria began using approaches to educate the children that would line up majuscule success and become world-renown. Because Maria Montessori revolutionized education in a way that I hope to do, I chose her as the focus of my cuneus in Mastery research paper. In chapter five of his book, Mastery, Robert Greene (2012) outlines the way to pick up mastery. The first step to mastery is The Creative Path (Greene, 2012 p. 179). Greene states that becoming a master will not occur if you are easily swayed by setbacks or desire a life full of ease and puff of air (G reen, 2012 p. 179). When pursuing a creative endeavor one must prosecute it with their whole being. Maria Montessori was able to achieve mastery despite the obstacles she faced. Montessori grew up in Italy and from an early age showed an interest in reading and academics, which differed from about females of her time (Adams, 1969, p. 49). Maria attended the University of Rome, much to the disdain of her father and the university, and in 1896 she became the first woman in Italy to graduate with a Doctor of practice of medicine degree. (Adams, 1969, p. 49 Solan, H. A. (2007) p. 61). Like a true master, Montessori did not stop pursuing knowledge in her welkin. Shortly after graduation she was introduced to a narrower field of medicine and in 1897 returned to the University of Rome to body of work pedagogy and education... ...hrough their development of The rate of flow his through his experiments with amputee patients and hers through her experiments educating children with dis abilities their study of anomalies his study of phantom limb syndrome and her study of the education process for the mentally and physically disabled and they both searched for the great yield him through evidence of his simple experiments and her through evidence from the Casa dei Bambini. working CitedAdams, Anne H. (1969, September). Maria montessori a vignette. Education. p. 49.American Montessori Society. (2013) Maria montessori (biography of). Retrieved fromhttp//amshq.org/Montessori-Education/History-of-Montessori-Education/Biography-of-Maria-MontessoriGreene, R. (2012). Mastery. New York Viking.Solan, H. A. (2007). Maria montessori a biography. Optometry & Vision Development, 38(2),61.