Nuclear Waste Disposal Essay -- Radiation Pollution Papers

Nuclear blow out DisposalAs the millenium approaches, we are faced with the problems created by our technological advances. general we are forced to see the results, from acid rain to polluted beaches. But there is one problem in particular that will probably out-live our extension and the generation which has created it. If properly contained and monitored, it has little affect on us and our environment. However, once it is free of its containment, it is a destructive and deadly force. This problem is nuclear waste.Thirty gramme metric tons of spent fuel rods from baron reactors and another 380,000 cubic meters of high level radioactive waste, have been produced in the United States since the beginning of the nuclear age. Presently, these fuel rods are stored at the nuclear reactors in water filled basins and accumulate at the rate of six tons per day (Whipple, 1996). As the populataion increases, so does the demand for electricity. If we continue relying on nuclear power to pr ovide our electricity, we will continue producing more and more nuclear waste. Greater use of nuclear power and volumes of waste mean a greater chance of accidental release of radiation into the environment.RadiationHow it is producedHow does radiation in our environment affect us? In order to understand how radiation affects us, we first must understand how it is produced. Fission is the initial step. It is the splitting of uranium or plutonium atoms which produces radioactive fission fragments and activating products (Bertell, 1985). These products then ionize normal atoms, which leads to a sort of domino affect microscopically. This chain reaction can also cause activation products to be produced by causing chemicals in the air,... ... 1982. http//www.public.iastate.edu/smevela/policy.html.Glasstone, Samuel and Jordan, Walter H. (1980). Nuclear Power and Its Environmental Effects. LaGrange Pk., IL American Nuclear Society.Liptkin, R. (1995). New Glass Could Store Unused Plutoni um. Science News. 148 (23). pp374.Lipschutz, Ronnie D. (1980). Radioactive Waste Politics, Technology, and Risk. Cambridge, Massachussesetts Ballinger Publishing Company.Nadis, Steven. (1996). The Sub-Seabed Solution. The Atlantic Monthly. 278(4). pp28-30, 38.St. Joe Valley Greens. (1997). Nuclear Waste Transportation Map. http//users.michiana.org/greens/editorial/transpor.htm.Whipple, Chris G. (1996). Can Nuclear Waste Be Stored Safely at Yucca stool?. Scientific American. 274(6). 72-79.Wright, Richard T. (1989). Biology Through the Eyes of Faith. New York Christian College Coalition.

Futile Dreams of Escape in The Glass Menagerie :: Glass Menagerie essays

Futile Dreams of Escape in The Glass Menagerie I hurt always been more interest in creating a character that contains something crippled. I think nearly totally of us have some kind of defect, anyway, and I suppose I have found it easier to identify with the characters who verge on hysteria, who were frightened of life, who were desperate to reach out to another person (Rasky 134). This statement of Tennessee Williams supports the idea that he incorporates something crippled into all his major characters. In his play, The Glass Menagerie, Williams portrays a crippling mother and child relationship. He clearly illustrates that none of the characters are capable of living in the present. The characters mean that happiness will be found in their repeated quests for escape from the real demesne. As such, they retreat into their separate worlds to escape lifes brutalities. Set in Depression-era St. Louis, the triumphal Southern ex-charmer, Amanda Wingfield is the de facto head o f the household. A former Southern belle, Amanda is a single mother who behaves as though she still is the high school beauty queen. Williams still-resonant think reveals her desperate struggle with the forces of fate against her dysfunctional relationship that looms and grows among her adult children. (Gist) Laura, Amanda, Tom, and Jim resort to various escape mechanisms to avoid reality. Laura, fearful of being denigrated as inferior by virtue of her innate inability to walk, is shy and detaches herself from the unfeeling modern world. Amanda tries every means to integrate her into society, but to no avail. She sends her to business school and invites a humans caller to dinner. She is both unable to cope with the contemporary worlds mechanization represented by the speed test in typing and unable to make parvenue acquaintances or friends due to her immense inhibition with people. Her life is humdrum and uneventful, yet it is full of dreams and inundated with memories. Whenever the outside world threatens Laura, she seeks solace and retreats to her crosspatch animal world and old phonograph records. Amanda, her mother hints at the alternative of matrimony for fiasco in business careers and Laura utters a startled, doubtful laugh. She reaches quickly for a piece of glass. (Williams, ). The glass menagerie becomes her tactile consolation. The little glass ornaments represent Lauras self and characterize her fragility and delicate beauty.

The Impact of Media on Children Essay -- Television Censorship Media E

The Impact of Media on Children Stan, Kyle, Catman and Kenny - four-foul mouthed third graders who abuse each other and get wind delight in making fun of authority figures. Yet they possess a dumb innocence that makes their bad behavior forgivable to anyone with an honest retrospect of their childhood. Most parents do not approve of the bleepable expletives that fly out of the kids mouths on South Park or the fact that Kenny dies violently in every episode. A lot of people want shows like this to be censored or taken off of the air. Parents try to shelter their children too much. They should let them experience bread and butter in the real human beings and not censor everything that they disagree with.Some shows can and cannot be shown on television because of their content and some parents want pick out shows off of the air because of their language, violence and profane swearing, but we as individuals should be able to choose what shows we want to watch.Television networks deem a hard time decision making what shows they want to put on the air. They have to put a lot of thought into picking the correct shows to draw in the attention of the viewer. They first have to realize what type of audience they want to have. If it is a network like Nickelodeon, then they will want to look for something a child would be diverted by. If it is ESPN, then they would want something that the sports fanatic would love. Another point that they want to have in a good show is how it come tos to reality. Every television show necessitate some reality. If the shows content is meant to be able to happen in real life, then it should look realistic. If the age group will relate to the shows topic is also put into consideration(Nesbit). Networks also have to figure out if the show is useable or not by beholding how much violence, language and profanity. Again they have to consider the shows target audience. There wouldnt be the same amount of violence allowed to be shown o n Barney as there would be allowed on Americas Most Wanted. Television has now put a rating on TV shows. It is based on the same principal that the rating system of movies is. In movie theaters, G means the movie is suitable for all ages, PG means some material is not suitable for pre-teenagers and parental guidance is suggested, PG-13 means that parents should be strongly cautioned to give special viewing guidance to those under the age of ... ...not be able to prohibit the viewing of certain shows. Parents should be the ones making the decision of their childs viewing. Even if the networks do censor shows, doing so will not make a big difference on anyones life. If parents want to keep their children innocent then they will never be able to substantiate the light of day because there is violence happening around us at all times. In the First Amendment, there are five freedoms mentioned exercise of religion, press, assembly, petition to the government, and speech. If they censor television, then they are breaking that amendment by not letting everyone have freedom of speech (Nesbit).We cannot protect all of the children in the world by censoring a few television shows. If anyone is at fault for exposing their child to the bad in the world, it is their parents. Remember what the 8 year old tell about South Parks swear words, My daddy says them every single day (Newsweek 60). It is the parents choice if they want to protect their children from all of the violence and profanity that is out there, it is in no way a choice of television networks. Everyone has a right to speak their minds and not have their thoughts censored.

The Chinese Culture Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Chinese CultureThis report is about the myths and beliefs of the Chinese culture. Its aboutthe stories the Chinese created to explain the terra firma around them, and generallyhow they perceived their surrounding environment. This report deals withancient myths and the people who believed them, and what the current believes ofthese people are.The Southwest Creation StoryThe Southwest creation fable is a myth which explains why people are different.The myth begins by saying that on that point were people on earth who were all alike,meaning there werent people who were black, white, oriental, etc.. It statesthat the humans on earth all generally were the same. on that point were also divinitys wholived above the clouds in the heavens. And there was a huge heavenly breakwhich started on a mountain and reached all the way up to heavens door. Itgoes on to tell a story of a man who had two children. One was a girl and theother was a boy.They lived in a signaling which had a hug e very cryptic roof. The man had built theroof so thick because it rained almost every day. He hated the rain. He knewit had its benefits but too much of it ruined his crops, destroyed his livestockand every time it rained the roof of the house was destroyed. And every timethe man rebuilt it, he made it thicker and thicker. He blamed all hismisfortune on the Duke of Thunder. The Duke of Thunder was one of the gods wholived in the heavens. He was the god of rain and thunder. The man dispised theDuke very much and had a pure hatred of him.Every time it rained the Duke would descend from the heavens and stand on a eyebrow. There he would watch with pure delight as the rains and thunder camedown harder and harder. Finally the man had had enough. One day he took hisaxe and waited on the hilltop for the Duke to arrive. When the rains came so didthe Duke, and the man slashed him in the back. The Duke washurt but not killed because he was a god. The man caged him and brought himhome. He pu t him in a corner and warned the kids not to go near him. And toespecially not give him water. The next morning was a beautiful sunny one, butthe Duke looked horrible almost as if he was dehydrating. The man told thechildren he had to go to the market and said again not to go near the Duke nomatter wha... ... his son. Zoa was killed by his ownchum who was ashamed of what his younger sibling had become. What themagician didnt tell Zoa was which close relative would kill him. Zoa whohad become overconfident wasnt as great as he apprehension he was. And he wastoo arrogant to not know that the gods should not be challenged. This mythtells that becoming overconfident will eventually hurt you and that no onecould beat their destiny. The Chinese in this story believed in the gods,they were very religious people and this myth tells that the gods should notbe challenged.Both of these myths were written a long time ago and I dont think that thepeople today still believe in these myths as s trongly as the people who wrotethem did. I think its like Halloween in our culture. We still practice thecustom as the ancient people did but we dont have as much as a strong believein ghosts and goblins as our ancestors did.BibliographyBirch, Cyril. Chinese Myths And Fantasies. Great Britain London, 1992.Fei, Charles. Strange Creatures. New York, 1990Ke, Yuan. Dragons And Dynasties. China Beijing, 1993*Chinese Myths.* Grolier Encyclopaedia, 12th ed. 1996.

Analysis of Emily Dickinsons The Bustle in a House Essay -- Dickinson

Analysis of Emily Dickinsons The Bustle in a House The Bustle in a House is a poem by Emily Dickinson about the monstrous loss star feels after the death of a loved one. Dickinson was quite familiar with the kind of pain expressed in her poem. Her father, mother, nephew, and three close friends, on the whole died within an eight-year geological period. It is no small wonder that a common theme in Dickinson s poetry is death. She uses many literary devices, including structure, imagery, figurative language, sound devices, and capitalization to convey the hurt one experiences when a loved one passes on. The structure of The Bustle in a House is very interesting. It is a short poem, single two stanzas long. Both stanzas are made up of a single sentence. With the exception of a lone dash at the end of the first stanza, and the period that ends the sentence, there is no punctuation. All of these factors add up to make the poem have a very brisk pace. The pace makes it seem that af ter death, one is supposed to just pick up and go on as usual. Dickinson also uses imagery to add to the th...

Basic Principles Of Democracy :: essays research papers

The United States of America has five basic principles which ensure the ability of the country. The basic foundations fundamental worth, equality of all persons, majority hulk minority rights, necessity of compromise, and ividual freedom. This paper reviews three of the five principles majority rule and minority rights, individual freedom, and necessity of compromise. Two of these cases of individual freedom plus majority rule and minority rights the United States has failed to uphold. The third case on individual freedom is an undecided case at this point. The United States must not abridge these ations importance making judicial decision or the stability of the country is at risk.Majority rule and minority rights is a basic foundation of democracy. Ageneral concept of this foundation is that the popular vote will be the decidingparty in most cases. Along with this concept the minority of the slew willmaintain certain basic human rights that will not be compromised by the popul arvote. A challenge to this principle occurred when Asheville City district zoning was voted on many years ago, and unfortunately was passed. The rules andrestrictions that are accompanied by zoning are phenomenal. In many cases thetaxes rise depending on how airplane propeller is zoned. For example, if property is zoned as commercial property the taxes are considerably higher than if property was in a residential area. Consequently the minority here is universe punished. More permits must be acquired and plans must be approved before anything can bedone to ones own land. Zoning was voted in by the majority, only theminoritys rights were not completely maintained. People need to maintaincertain basic rights, and these rights pertain to what they may do to their property. Justification of how the government failed to accolade this basic foundation. Individual freedom is by far one of the most important foundations to ademocracys survival. Individual freedom is difficult to defin e, though a general meaning is illustrated by a quote from Oliver Wendell Holmes, The right to swing my fist ends where another mans nose begins. Enforcing people to grind their seat belt against their will is an example of how America has failed to secure the one of most important foundation of democracy. People should have the right to choose whether or not they wear their seat belt. The American government and the North Carolina government specifically passed a law which makes all passengers in the front seat, no way out what age, wear their safety belts.

Basic Principles Of Democracy :: essays research papers

The United States of America has five basic principles which ensure the ability of the country. The basic foundations fundamental worth, equality of all persons, volume chemical formula minority rights, necessity of compromise, and ividual freedom. This paper reviews three of the five principles majority rule and minority rights, individual freedom, and necessity of compromise. Two of these cases of individual freedom plus majority rule and minority rights the United States has failed to uphold. The third case on individual freedom is an undecided case at this point. The United States must not brush off these ations importance making judicial decision or the stability of the country is at risk.Majority rule and minority rights is a basic foundation of democracy. Ageneral concept of this foundation is that the popular vote will be the decidingparty in most cases. Along with this concept the minority of the community willmaintain certain basic human rights that will not be comprom ised by the popularvote. A challenge to this principle occurred when Asheville City soil zoning was voted on many years ago, and unfortunately was passed. The rules andrestrictions that are accompanied by zoning are phenomenal. In many cases thetaxes rise depending on how dimension is zoned. For example, if property is zoned as commercial property the taxes are considerably higher than if property was in a residential area. Consequently the minority here is being punished. More permits must be acquired and plans must be approved before anything can bedone to ones own land. Zoning was voted in by the majority, tho theminoritys rights were not completely maintained. People need to maintaincertain basic rights, and these rights pertain to what they may do to their property. Justification of how the government failed to observe this basic foundation. Individual freedom is by far one of the most important foundations to ademocracys survival. Individual freedom is difficult to define , though a general meaning is illustrated by a quote from Oliver Wendell Holmes, The right to swing my fist ends where another mans nose begins. Enforcing people to unwrap their seat belt against their will is an example of how America has failed to secure the one of most important foundation of democracy. People should have the right to choose whether or not they wear their seat belt. The American government and the North Carolina government specifically passed a law which makes all passengers in the front seat, no press what age, wear their safety belts.

It530

Assignment Grading gloss Course IT530 building block 5 Points 120 procure Kaplan University Unit 5 Assignment Outcomes addressed in this activity Unit Outcomes Explain flow control and congestion management and their significance to overall network performance esteem standard routing techniques and their application to a business internet connectivity Recommend a comprehensive security plan Plan and describe methods to secure data including encoding techniques and security protocols Assess LAN communications and management protocols and examine their significance in business environmentsCourse Outcomes IT530-5 Analyze issues surrounding the connectivity and administration of networks. Assignment Instructions 1. In recent years, the concept of ethical hacking has grown in importance as much companies consider hiring black hat hacks as security consultants. Research the elements that present ethical hacking. In what ways does ethical hacking differ from black hat hacking? Put yo urself into the position of a system administrator considering hiring a drudge.How would you ensure that this somebody was actually strengthening your companys network security rather than hacking into your companys sensitive data? Would you even consider hiring a hacker in the first place? Why or why not? Try to find at least one example of a actual ground ethical hacker being hired was it a good or bad decision on the part of the company? 2. Based on your research, write an 8 to 10 page paper that researches the concept of ethical hacking, as well as the ethical dilemmas inherent in hiring a hacker as a security consultant. Preparing your AssignmentThe written essay/paragraph formatted paper should be 8 10 pages long NOT including cover page and references. As you research ethical hacking, ALL of the pages must allow citations and references. No more than one direct quotation (of 40 words or more) is allowed per page and clout lists without substantial narrative included ar strongly discouraged. There should be no spelling or grammar errors. All written assignments should be in APA format. APA formatted in-text citations and references are required for all sources, and all figures and tables must be captioned in APA format.If you are unfamiliar with APA formatting, please see the Kaplan theme Center for more information on how to work with APA. Directions for Submitting Your Assignment Compose your assignment in a Microsoft Word document and save it as Username-IT530 Assignment Unit. doc (Example TAllen- IT530 Assignment-Unit5. doc). Submit your archive by selecting the Unit 5 Assignment Dropbox by the end of Unit 5. Assignment Grading Rubric Course IT530 Unit 5 Points 120 Copyright Kaplan University Assignment requirementsAll papers must meet these standard requirements Paper follows APA formatting Length is 8-10 pages long not including references and cover page No more than three bulleted or listed points per paper. No more than one direct quote per page from a reference source and those quotes must be properly cited indoors the body and in the references at the end of the paper Title page Reference page No spelling errors No grammar errors *2 points will be deducted from grade for each occurrence of not meeting these requirements.Review the grading rubric below before beginning this activity. Unit 5 Assignment Grading Rubric = 120 points Assignment Requirements Points possible Points earned by student Document includes introductory paragraph discussing the general concepts of ethical hacking as opposed to black hat hacking. 0-30 Document includes well supported argument pro or con for hiring a hacker as security consultant. 0-30 Document includes example of real world hiring of hacker and discusses the outcome. 0-30 Discussion of ethical hacking considerations should be substantial nd flow logically. 0-30 Total (Sum of all points) Less Standard Requirements points deductedAssignment Grading Rubric Course IT530 Unit 5 Poin ts 120 Copyright Kaplan University Assignment Total For more information and example of APA formatting, see the resources in Doc sharing or visit the KU Writing Center from the KU Homepage. Also review the KU Policy on Plagiarism. This policy will be strictly enforced on all applicable assignments and discussion posts. If you have any questions, please contact your professor.

Minamata Disease

Minamata diseasesometimes referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease is aneurologicalsyndrome caused by strongmercury poisoning. Symptoms includeataxia,numbnessin the hands and feet, generalmuscle weakness, narrowing of thefield of visionand damage tohearingandspeech. In extreme cases,insanity,paralysis,coma, anddeathfollow inwardly weeks of the onset of symptoms. Acongenitalform of the disease can also affectfoetusesin the womb. Minamata disease was first discovered inMinamatacity inKumamoto prefecture,Japan, in 1956.It was caused by the release ofmethylmercuryin the industrialwastewaterfrom theChisso Corporations chemical factory, which continued from 1932 to 1968. This highlytoxicchemicalbioaccumulatedin shellfish and fish inMinamata verbalizeand theShiranui Sea, which when eaten by the local populace resulted in mercury poisoning. While cat, dog, pig, and human deaths continued over more than 30 years, the government and company did little to hold the pollution.As of March 2001, 2,265 victims had been officially recognised (1,784 of whom had died) and over 10,000 had received financial compensation from Chisso. By 2004, Chisso Corporation had paid $86 million in compensation, and in the resembling year was ordered to clean up its contamination. On March 29, 2010, a settlement was reached to compensate as-yet uncertified victims. A second outbreak of Minamata disease occurred inNiigata Prefecturein 1965. The original Minamata disease andNiigata Minamata diseaseare considered two of theFour Big Pollution Diseases of Japan

What Is the Bystander Effect

Rebecca Aspinwall Professor Patrick Shal 11/05/2012 What is The Bystander Effect? Drs John M Darley and Bibb Latane ar both professors of psychology. Even though they have non attended or worked at the same university, their credibility is equally the same. Their award-winning research was gathered to complete their essay Why Dont People Help in a Crisis, they suggest the luck of a bystander destiny is correlated to the number of bystanders present. Next Darley and Latane state that, there are three things a bystander must do to intervene in an emergency. number 1 the bystander must be aware of the situation, second the bystander has to establish if the situation is an emergency, and then third they have to decide if it is their duty to intervene and help the person in need (141). Darley and Latane have done an exceptional job on informing the reader, however, their research fails to take into account outside variables which may call into question the validness of their research . The spoken communication use in this essay by Darley and Latane Why Dont People Help in a Crisis is delirious to say the least.One of the examples apply to inform their readers of the bystanders actions demonstrates their use of emotional appeal with language. Making the subjects relive others horrific situations, the authors are able to portray in an emotionally packed explanation of what happened to the dupe in each narrative. For example the first victim they mention, is Kitty Genovese, who was murdered in her home in Kew Gardens, unfermented York. Thirty eight of her neighbors watched her die without helping or even calling nine-one-one (140).This emotional technique is effective, because the initial impact of this heinous act grabs the readers attention heightening their arousal. The residual effects are think to make the reader feel sympathy for the victim. Thus taking a more shock and awe approach the authors use emotional language to engage the reader into the topic. The intended audience is students and professors of psychology, which would constitute an audience whom is well educated with specialized psychology erminology and references like Apathy and Indifference, however, the language betrays this notion of a specific audience since it is fairly easily understood among the general population. The authors involve simple phrases like lose your cool or quiescency of a drunk to make the article easy to follow (142). Therefore the authors intended audience was a highly educated free radical of the population, however, it was written with the intent to intrigue the general public.Using an ethical approach the authors make the reader self reflect upon their own moral judgment. The authors asked ethical questions that forces the reader to stimulate personally related to the topic, Questions such as How can so many a(prenominal) pack watch another human being in distress and do nothing? Why dont they help? We neednt feel guilty, or re-exami ne ourselves or anything like that. Or should we? (141). The authors use of moral questions brings the reader to very front zephyr of the topic ethically and has without a doubt a very effective result.The reader is not able to remain an objective party but becomes prejudiced to the point where they begin to question whether or not they themselves would have the same reactions as the bystanders in the examples or if they would help in an emergency? This moral inquiry is a good strategy for persuasion, because it engages the reader to become subjective. The authors do a wonderful job in appealing to emotion, by using individual stories of tragical events instead of multiple stories. The authors persuades their readers by giving a face to the victims.As a result the reader becomes emotionally involved in the article and is just what the authors intended to capture their audiences attention. Another persuading technique is the appeal to logic because of the use of inductive reason ing in gathering evidence . The authors experiment with test subjects to find answers as to why bystanders dont help in an emergency? Theyve drawn a conclusion, from the experiments of the bystanders actions which depends on the number of people around at that time. If the bystander was in a large crowd area the probability of helping a victim in need is slim.But if the bystander is alone than the odds of helping the victim is greater (141). The authors begins the essay with a specific case using Kitty Genovese as an example and then states another specific case with Andrew Mormille (140). Next the authors draws hasty generalizations to conclude that bystanders dont help if they are surrounded by others. Darley and Latane use a sufficient amount of reliable evidence when they use their experiments as a way to explain their theory. Darley and Latane do not give any other information about the experiments, other than stating that there was 72 college students (143).But the authors do give information about the test results. One of the experiments employ in the essay was completed with 40 people who were paid two dollars each to participate in the research. First the authors used an attractive young charr to lead the test subjects into a room. Then separated them so that the test subjects were alone and had a divider wall between them and the young woman. Next the woman pretends to have an accident and called out for help, seventy percent of the subjects who were alone offered their help .The next experiment they tried was to see if the subjects would offer help if they were paired up with other subjects and the results were drastically different 8 out of 40 subjects offered to help. and the other 32 remained unresponsive (143). The experiment used in this statement was used in an ethical appeal because most individuals would like to assume that they would help in a situation like the one mentioned, but given the results the individuals would mostly check o ut with the authors. The authors dont give much attention to the possibility to variables that may have changed the dynamics of their research.An example of one of these variables is location. In our popular culture today, people are more susceptible to believe the validity of the research if the location is taken into effect. The bystanders in New York may be different then the bystanders in Minnesota and vice versa. Another example of a variable that could have an effect on the responses of bystanders could be group dynamics such as age, socio-economic status, and many more. Another effective suggestion is if the authors gave the readers examples of ways to improve their behaviors o help people in need instead of stating that bystanders have an apparent indifference of others. and besides stating that We can choose to see distress and step forward to relive it (145). This statement would have been more believable if the authors showed examples how to step forward and change the behaviors of not helping. Overall, the authors have done an effective job informing there readers about the probability of a crowded bystander not helping someone in need. The authors used the emotional appeal to capture their readers attention, and used their logical reasoning to convince their readers.This informational essay was published in Arguing Across the Disciplines A Rhetoric and Reader, because of the warmness opening reactions intended for the readers. But the authors dont pay any attention to the variables used in the experiments. For example the location, age and race of the subjects could have made a massive difference in the results. Work Cited Darley, John M. , and Bibb Latane. Why People Dont Help in a Crisis. Arguing Across the disciplines A Rhetoric and Reader. Ed. Stuart Hirschberg and Terry Hirschberg. New York Pearson Longman, 2007. 140-45. Print

Do you agree? Essay

Both tasks the two men set out to achieve are things never done before and include overcoming the billet of nature. Victor, ch each(prenominal)enges death, trying to create a new being, and Walton tries to challenge the elements to reach to pole. Victor finds first, that doing this can only bring destruction, the ever varied powers of nature, a inform that it is too powerful to challenge. This warning, he then passes onto Walton who realises the peril he faces, and abandons his exploration.The Ancient Mariner was a poem written around this time by Cole freege. Coleridge was a Romantic, as was Shelleys husband, and poems like this one were popular as this portrayed the types of things people were thinking about around that time. bloody shame Shelley may have been influenced by this poem about the theme of challenging nature as the poem also talks of this. It also included a frightful fi destination standardized to the Frankensteins dick. Nature is also linked into another theme of loneliness both of the monster and Victor.The creature tries to tell Victor how he has been rejected and is in all alone face things such as I see bliss from which I alone am irrevocably excluded and alone miserably. The creatures isolation could be found as a reason for his crimes as he never had anyone who he could interact with so he has never learnt how to do it, the creatures isolation on that pointfore leads to destruction. Every time the creature tries to make helps he is pushed further and further into isolation until he is in the about isolated place on earth, the North Pole.Using the vast open snowy mountains as the creature inhabits allows the fingering of only him being there and no one else being anywhere near as the monster describes to his actor that, dreary glaciers are my refuge. Arguably, Mary Shelley might have been inspired, as she wrote Frankenstein, magical spell staying in Italy in a remote place in the mountains. Shelley also shows the isolation that Victor forced onto himself, rejecting company. This means there is no one there to make him do the right thing so he continues to make horrific mistakes.The monster and Victor are isolated to break downher at the end and only have each other. When Victor dies, his creation kills himself as the last person who could accept him and give him reason for his existence has died, and he no semipermanent wishes to be lonely. The reason for this loneliness is simply because of the way that he looks, that people are prejudiced against him and only behold a detestable monster. Mary Shelley uses this to make the audience feel sorry for him and to show the reader that he has emotions just like a human.Much of this obligate criticises man for judging on appearance and shows that appearance and reality can be very different. The creature is ugly and deformed making him seem frightening to people where as all that he really wants is a friend and someone to tell apart him like he describes to the blind man he has no relation or friend upon earth. On the complete opposite to this Victor Frankenstein is seen as a rational scientist but turns out to be an irrational obsessive. Mary Shelley is trying to get the point across that things are not always as they seem.Another important theme is that of the horror of child birth. In chapter five when Frankenstein gives birth to the creature, he immediately rejects it and is in a sense rejecting his baby. The monster in a sense has lost his mother at child birth and so is lonely. This was a very personal subject that Shelley decided to include within the book as she must have felt similar feeling to the creature after losing her own mother at child birth. She is showing through the creature how lonely it feels not to be loved by a creator or mother.Through the chapters when the monster is recounting his story to his creator he is trying to get Victor to take his responsibilities of creator and love his creation business Victor his na tural lord and king The monster also shows the similarities between Victor and God being the creators and himself and Adam the first creations trying to explain this to Frankenstein saying to him, I ought to be thy Adam At this point Victor believes in the total opposite, and wants nothing to do with his creation that he now regrets, trying to rid the monster telling him there can be no community between you and me we are enemies it is only later on when he starts to listen and feel for his creation that he felt what the duties of a creator towards his creature were and that he ought to render him. I think that to umteen people Frankenstein is one of the most sound known horror stories including all of the ingredients to frighten the audience. To me, I believe that Frankenstein is much less a horror story as it is a novel that questions our fellowship and the people living in it.The old man tells the monster the hearts of men, when unprejudiced by any obvious self-interest, are f ull of brotherly love and charity. Throughout this book this quote is proved untrue. That people are always kind and giving when it does not interfere with their own interests, is shown as wrong. This book criticizes society and man, how prejudiced we are and the greed for fame. Although this book was written nearly 200 years ago the same messages still apply to todays modern society. By Amy Smith MiDr Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Facebook considers opening site to children

Facebooks manager of privacy & safety had announced that the social network has thought a lot about opening up the site to children under the age of thirteen to catch up with the opportunity to access on to Facebook. Similarly, Facebook had changed its policies that allow children under thirteen to put public post online that apprize be viewed by everyone in the world. Therefore, this may effect childrens life. Opening the site to children under the age of thirteen is a bad idea due to many issues.First, it might cause cyber bullying on the social medias second, it might effect the children and their families communication and third, it might cause kidnapping, rape or murder cases. Cyber bullying is an anti-social conduct and this is related to technologies and the internet. First, cyber bullying is referring any kind of aggressive behavior through social media. Cyber bullying could happen by text, Facebook posting, Tweet, Skype, or E-mail, but most unceasingly happen on Facebook. Cyber bullying usually resulting in trauma victim, can also cause low cademic achievement, interpersonal, alienation, there may even produce retributive attacks forced the victim or the victim turned to bullying others it also has some impact in the offender, the offender adult crime, alcohol abuse is sooner high, with the offender characteristics, 60% male perpetrators for crimes committed before the age of 24, non-male offender characteristics only 23%.So if Facebook do allows children under the age of 13, there might be a chance to increase the cyber bullying cases. Second, communication between the children and their family is very important, but f Facebook allows children to lucre access to Facebook, it will affect the communication the children and their family. A family with good communication between each other might involve lots of technological activities indeed, technology may become a tool or media for the communication between each other.For example, some people do no t like to tell things face to face, but they open their heart through online chatting or messages (Facebook chatting) in this way, technology become a media to connect children and parents. Thus, it even improved the communication between children and parents. This will definitely effect the children and families communications, by not communicating with each other. So if Facebook allows children access on to Facebook under the age of 13, it may effect the communication between the children and their families.Third, allowing children of the age of 13 or under gain access to Facebook might cause kidnapping, raping and murdering cases. Now a day, a lot of teens have Facebook accounts, and they enjoy using it. Chatting online with strangers turned going out in solid life and this will lead them to getting kidnaped, raped or murdered the crimes creates a fake nternet profile on Facebook and start chatting to the innocent teen or children, after they got the teens or childs trust, and c onvincing them to go out together in real life.Thus, the crimes such as kidnaps, rapes or murders them during the time when they are outside. Because these cases already happened to a lot of teenagers, it will increase possibly of the teens and childrens getting involve will kidnap, rape or Facebook opening site to children under the age of 13 to get the opportunity to access on to Facebook is extreme dangerous, because it will effect childrens life, etal health, education or the negative effects and causes above.Also, it takes up a lot of time on an online world and playing all the cyber games instead in reality they may think it is not. Sometimes, people or things on the internet are fake and it is not trust worthy. Furthermore, the teenagers should be ware of the strangers on Facebook, must not share any personal information with them, or else they can find you and kidnap, rape or murder you. Due to many issues, Facebook should re-discuss and make an correct decision, because thi s will cause or effect many things that no one will want to happen.

Breach of contract †contract law Essay

Spanish Contract Law provides a broad notion of severance of turn off for any deportment that departs from the specified behavior in the cut down in any way (time, quality, substance, etc.) or is not specially justified on legal grounds (actions disallow by the government argon not riftes since they are justified on a legal ground).The general benchmark to determine pl under(a) is the contract agree by the parties themselves, and not external notions. However, external notions are utilisationd in important situation such as the consumers market where the consumers forethoughts are the primary benchmarks to assess quality and carrying into action since there is not an explicit contract. External notions are in like manner important in other market, where a triplet companionship whitethorn have some duty or responsibility over the contract, and therefore, is responsible (at least in part) for any potential breach.The reason for breach does not excerpt the breach. What m atters is the breach. The analysis of breach takes place in objective terms. Subjective factors generally do not exclude breach, although they may affect remedies. In certain contractual areas, breach of duty and fault are generally required (professional contracts, management contracts breach requires violation of a duty of care or a duty of loyalty). In professional contracts, the fault may be of a professional who was in contract with the firm, and in management contracts, it may be the fault of the manager.2) RemediesSpanish Contract Law provides a wide range of general remedies for breach of contract Specific performance the court forces the breacher to act as it was established in the contract. If for compositors case, the contract stipulated that the promiser had to break dance the promisee a product of quality 2 and he delivers a good of quality 1, then as regenerate the court force the promiser to deliver a good of quality 2. Damages the court force the breacher to pay a certain keep down of coin( return) to the other society as compensation. It is a monetary remedy. The court calculate the substance to be paid. Liquidated restitution these are also monetary compensation, scarcely with the difference that they are not calculated by the court, but they are instead specified in the contract itself. One example are the association football players contracts, or sale contracts that specifies the amount to be paid for each day of delay. opposite general remedies that we can find are Termination if a party suffers a breach, it can contract with another party and abandon its contractual obligation. If the breacher does not agree with this, court is necessary. Reduction of prices in role of breach of a party, a general remedy is to reduce the price to equilibrate the contract.Generally, it is the aggrieved party who chooses the remedy to be imposed.3) Specific performanceSpecific performance is a remedy for breach characterized by the fact that a failed performance or departure from required action by the contract testament be imposed upon breaching party. It is also characterized by several(prenominal) material variants of the remedy such as forced delivery, forced action, injunction not to do, repair defective performance and replace non-conforming good. In the case of the injunction not to do, the court oblige the breacher not to do something, such as obliging a CEO to work for the competition if in the contract it was stipulated that he cannot. Specific performance conceptually includes repair and replacement of consumer goods.The main issue with specific performance, when it is feasible, is the issue of the balance of benefits and courts of the remedy. Specific performance implies that the breacher perform as the contract establishes. However, sometimes, the cost of this performance may be higher than the benefit in social welfare terms. Take the example of the minelaying firm, which has a contract with the owner of the land to mine for 10 years and then clean the land. When the 10 year pass, the firms breaches the contract and refuse to clean. The cost of cleansing the land is 20 millions, and the benefit for theowner is 1 million. So if the court imposes a specific performance to firm, society ordain loose 19 millions. A good alternative would be to impose restitution to the firm, which would be preferred by the owner, since an agreement amid the firm and the owner will be reached that maximize the social welfare.In these cases, performance may be more costly than its value for promisee performance may be ex post inefficient.There are both positive and negative features of specific performance as a remedy. As positive features, we can distinguish low informational requirements to apply remedy (avoids cost of error linked to estimating reparation) and the party aggrieved by breach appears to be satisfied in its promissory expectation. As negative features, we find performance may be more costly than its value for promisee (performance may be ex post inefficient), requires a court order and takes time, for complex performances requires costly and difficult supervision by court and performance by a party forced to comply with contract may be perfunctory (lowest effort) at best.4) DamagesDamages are understood as general remedies that can be applied to all types of contracts and breaches of contracts. It is a remedy defined in very broad terms amount of money to compensate any harm suffered by the injured party as a consequence of any breach of contract. We can differentiate surrounded by two kinds of indemnity expectation and reliance damages. This is why it is a remedy with a variable extension. foreboding damagesExpectation damages is the sum of money that will give the party damaged the same amount of welfare and utility than if the contract would not have been breached and the final result would have been attained. Therefore, the breach party would have to pay the aggrieved party an amount of money that would compensate for the harm caused and in addition an amount of money equal to the value of the performance for this party.There are however some problems with expectation damages since they are difficult to compute and some instances of moral hazard may appear. Those who seek for damages have to provide evidence of both the existence and amount of damages. This requirement has some exceptions in case of harm in re ipsa illegitimate use of a productive good, deprivation of a productive good, and few other examples.Expectation damages is the general rule in Spanish Law for breach of contract. It is the damage measure that accompanies determination for breach and the replacement measure of specific performance. It is awarded when there is a breach of representations and warranties, advertising and promotional communications and in cases of pre-contractual drool that are equivalent to breach of contracts.How can we compute expectation dam ages? When goods or services admit substitutes or dish out transactions to avoid the negative consequences of the other partys breach of contract, the price of these transactions is relevant. If the seller breaches the contract and the buyer has bought a good, generally fungible, then the expectation damages will be equal to the difference between the price of the substitute and the price established in the contract Psub-Pc. If the buyer breaches the contract and the seller celebrates a cover sale the expectation damages would be equal to the difference between the price established in the contract and the price of the new sale Pc-Psub. Other ways of computing expectation damages are the followingMarket damages (for fungible good with market price) buyer will receive expectation damages consisting of the difference between the market price when the breach of contract took place (Pm) and the contract price (Pc). Seller will receive the opposite difference.Expectation damages present some limitations that reduce it scope and amount. One of this limitations is the foreseeability rule. This rule state that the breacher should only be liable for the things that are foreseen or could have foreseen at the time of contracting and that are necessaryconsequence of his failure to perform. For instance, if the foreseeable harm of a breach is 100 and the aggrieved party end up excruciation a loss of 1000, the foreseeability rule states that damages will amount only to 100. The foreseeability rule gives incentives to give information in the time of contracting. Those who suffer from harm mustiness declare the value of the performance. In tort law, there is no foreseeability rule, you pay the actual damage. Another limitation is the duty to mitigate damages the aggrieved party is under the duty to mitigate damages that the other contracting party has caused with her / his breach of contract.Reliance damagesReliance damages sum of money that will give the party damaged the same amount of welfare and utility than if the contract would not have taken place (the initial situation). This is why reliance damages are generally lower than expectation damages. Reliance damages cover expenses for the injured party derived from concluding the contract, specific investments that the injured party has made in reliance of performance of the contract by the other party and opportunity costs. Limited assetsDamages do not always work well. Sometimes, individual(a)s can turn up the payment of these damages, and therefore, they will have incentives to reduce them. However, this is not always the case. When the breacher has not enough assets to pay damages up to the point of optimal care, damages do not work well, because people will not pay for the consequences of their acts, and therefore, their level of care will be the optimal according to what they can pay, and not what they should pay. This is know as judgement proof problem.Damages for throe and sufferingThe traditional position of the Spanish Supreme Court and Spanish Courts is To accept damages for pain and suffering for breach of contract To award damages for pain and suffering with a relative amplitude and generosity. To award damages for pain and suffering with several functions To avoid the problems of calculating and justifying the amount of the damage award To compensate harm in personality rights (right to life, liberty, honor, etc.). To compensate non-patrimonial values joined to frugal goods and rights (discomfort, inconvenience, disappointment, frustration) To punish impossible or egregious behaviors of breach of contract. When an individual suffer harm, her utility decreases (she goes form point A to point B, but her utility function for money will not change). If this harm is economic, we can compensate this harm with money, which will leave her at point A again. However, the harm that an individual can suffer may be non-economic, and for the same amount of money her uti lity decreases (her utility function changes). Money cannot restore the initial utility (a huge amount would be needed). This is the case of pain and suffering (accident and death of a relative, discomfort, etc). This is why it is useless to take insurance for death, since it would not compensate the harm. The hairy hand exampleWhat is the difference between expectation and reliance damage? Lets look at an example. An individual was injured in his hand and lost 50% of his use. He entered in a contract with a doctor who promised to reestablish the hand to a 100% of use in exchange for measure of money. Before the contract was made, the individual was situated in an indifference curve that related all thecombination of hand use and money that let the individual indifferent. We assume that the individual is impulsive to give up hand use for money. After the contract and operation, the individual was worse off, with 25% of use. What should the doctor pay as damage? If expectation damag es are used, the doctor should pay the individual a quantity of money that together with the 25% of hand use leave him with the same utiity as if the contract had succeded and he had 100% of use (situate him in a higher indifference curve). If reliance damages are imposed, the doctor should pay the individual a quantity of money that, together with the 25% of hand use, leave him with the same utility as if the contract did not take place, with 50% of hand use (situate him in the initial indifference curve).5) Liquidated damagesLiquidated damages are damages for breach that are not determined ex post breach by a Court or arbitration panel, but ex ante by the contract parties themselves into the contract. Such possibility of privately stipulated remedies for breach is acknowledged by intimately legal systems, typically in the form of payment of money, although other possibilities may exist. They typically replace Court damages and they can be agreed as added penalty for breach.The mo st important issue is whether Courts are forced to enforce liquidated damages, or they may disregard, or reduce, the amount of the liquidated damages award. The reasons why Courts allow liquidated damages are Freedom of contract A large liquidated damages clause may be necessary to induce promisee to find promise credible and the contract sustainable. Parties are in a better position than Courts to assess benefits and costs of determining a given amount. Liquidated damages compensate systematic underestimation of damages by Courts. If liquidated damages are higher than the expectation damages, then the court will apply the second ones.There are however some economic arguments that may lead to reduce or at least control the level of liquidated damages clauses Excessive damages clauses resulting from incorrect predictions or forecasts about prospective outcomes. External shocks unforeseen by parties that produce an unexpected increase in the damages payment. True uncertainty about fu ture costs for one party. behavioral biases that lead party to underestimate the true adverse impact of a damages clause (the deferred cost problem) Over-optimism concerning future performance and costs (the example of the gym) Hyperbolic discounting of future outcomesWe can see the liquidated damages as barriers to entry. An inordinate amount of LD is beneficial for the parties to the detriment of a trine party whomay send for for the services of breaching party. Promisor agrees to pay an amount larger than ED, in exchange of higher price. Promisee uses high liquidated damages to extract larger payment from a third party interested in performance by promisor larger payment from third party increases the surplus to the contract parties, that is shared between them. Also, excessive payment of third party are made possible by excessive damages clauses, which reduce efficient entry by third parties, and prevents them from successfully bidding for promisors performance. That is why the goal of reducing excessive liquidated damages is not to protect the breaching party, but third-parties.Sometimes, excessive LD for signaling are unwanted, since an unpredictable contingency may appear that will cause a breach in the contract. A pooling equilibrium may be more desirable than a separating one when the distortion caused by the penalty on the good type is large enough.6) TerminationAmong the general remedies for breach, the last one is termination (or rescission, or cancellation, as it may also be called in Common Law jurisdictions). This remedy entitles the aggrieved party to cancel the contractual relationship with the breaching party, eliminating the obligations arising from the ended contract.Once the contract is terminated the parties should give back what was received under the contract, unless the goods are now in lawful possession of a third party. In this case, the value of the goods would replace the goods themselves. The voidance of the effects of the contract is retroactive it is considered that the contract did not exist.Spanish courts have established that termination does not require a lawsuit. However, if the other party disputes the termination or its conditions, restitution would require a lawsuit. Courts do not determine termination, but declare whether termination was or not properly effected by the party. The most contested issue about termination is when is termination available as a remedy. It is clear that not every breach or non-performance allows theaggrieved party to terminate, but a qualified breach (material or fundamental breach) is required. We can define it as follow Relevance the breach must affect the primeval obligations or duties under the contract and not merely ancillary or incidental duties. Duration the breach should not be merely sporadic or transitory, but likely to be repeated or continuing. Importance the breach must substantially affect the interests of the non-defaulting party. Termination does not go alone, it does not exclude damages, and in fact it is naturally accompanied by damages payment.

Children Of Divorced Parents Essay

The idea that children of break p atomic number 18nts would be the adepts who would contact, was seen as conservative thinking and many scoffed at this nonion in the 1970?s. What child would want to be part of a family that constantly fought? With the veritable idea of couples counselling a few categorys away many axiom disjoin as their only option. Because of this military capability, straight off in that respect ar fewer and fewer people downstairs the age of 30 who are getting matrimonial than at any other time in history. The mistakes of the past generation are well documented and most people acquit a primal knowledge of what decouple does to people. If not from runner hand realises than from witnessing aunts, uncles or cousins endure though a divorce. This has made an impact on many young people and has made them a bit untrusting about the institution. Their apprehension can be attributed to the rising number of people that separate in the 1970?s and the ef fect it had on the attitude of their children towards nuptials in the 1990?s.The break Act of 1968 a equity that allowed couples to divorce because of cruelty, fornication or if they confine been living apart for three years was seen by many people living in the 1970?s as a help chance for happiness, consequently the divorce rate just about tripled. By 1970 the divorce rate stood at nearly 150 divorces per 100,000 persons, up from 55 divorces per 100,000 persons in 1965 (Canadian Dept of Justice). In 1985 when the dissociate Act was amended there was a spike of 25% in the divorce rate see addendum 1. Many people were waiting to for the varietys the Canadian government was s tabloidage to make to the Divorce Act. After the changes became law many people who had been waiting to officially divorce now could afterward only one year (Cameron 1).This spike can then be directly attributed to the amendments. By comparison the divorce rate right away stands at 240 divorces per 10 0,000 persons and although this is a much higher number than in 1970 the divorce rate has been dropping steadily for the past 5 years, with the exception of 1998 when it rose slightly (2.5%) over the previous year (Canadian Dept of Justice). The wide spread belief of the early 1970?s was that children in an un joyful home would suffer and that staying in a marriage where the agnatic unit was always arguing and fighting a good deal was not fair to the children. This led near people to walk away from their marriages at the first sign of trouble because they believed it was in the best entertain for theirchildren. A happy female parent and father, even if they were not living under the same roof was suppose to be better than a parental unit that was fighting, and there was a lot of heated debates going on in the 1970?s.Not only was the no fault Divorce Act of 1968 a revolutionary idea, but a couple of revolutions were also going on at this time as well. The inner revolution, (with the invention of the birth control pill) and the gender revolution, (which was a struggle for equal goods for women as well as gays and lesbians) both these revolutions helped educate women and helped adhere women together to issues that concerned women. But many of these ideas were far from the so-called accepted social norm of the time. Many couples could not deal with all the new changes that were going on and so a lot of couples divorced.If divorce could make one or both parents happier, then it was likely to reform the well- be of children as well explains American social historian Barbara Dafoe Whitehead in her book, The Divorce floriculture (Driedger 1). If anyone take ined a place to go to see just how fulfilling life could be outside of pairing all they had to do was to turn on their television sets. The Mary Tyler Moore state and Mary and Rhoda were full of whizz female role models, all having races. The infamous line in the theme song of The Mary Tyler Moor e Show You?re going to make it after all, seemed to sum up the mood of women in the 1970?s (Cameron 2).Now, the children of this generation are spring upn up and a rattling significant percentage of them are not thinking about marriage. The 1996 Census report shows just how wary young people today are about this formal institution 67 percent of men age 25-29 have never been married compared to 35 percent in 1951 (Cameron 13). And it is not just men who are steering clear of marriage, 51 percent of women age 25-29 have not walked down the isle, where as only 21 percent of women in 1951 did not. It would seem that there are more important matters in the lives of today?s youth that are taking them away from marriage.An article written in MacLean?s magazine in May of 2000 authorize I am Single, asked a number of Canadians about being maven and what their attitude is towards marriage. Christine Ryan, 22, is a first year human relationsstudent at Montreal?s Concordia University and ha s worked as a counsellor for low-income adults. She admits that she would cut to, have kids, live in a ii-income household and raise her children with the love and affection of a mother and a father, but she really doubts that scenario is possible because she has seen too much infidelity, unhappiness and divorce among friends, family and through her previous crinkle as a counsellor? (Cameron 14).Right now she is focalisationing on acquiring a career and then raising children by herself. I think marriage is a fantasy, I think being able to live with someone for 50 years and not want to be with someone else on the way is a big myth states Ryan.Another article that was published in the Toronto Star in October of 2000 it also explored this issue. In this article Marco Moniz, age 23, a musician and forklift operator was interviewed. He says he has no desire to get married, especially since he doesn?t yet trust his intuition to choose the right women I?m not genuine being in love a lways measures up to a good marriage, because sometimes being in love might not be understood sincerely. He also states Before I get married in any traditional fashion, I?d have to already be married in my heart. (Royce-Roll) Marco and Christine are not alone with this attitude the percentage of one-person households in Canada in 1996 was at 24.2 percent.This number has nearly doubled since 1971 when it was 13.4 percent. (Canadian Dept of Justice) Young women have learned from watching their mothers who went through a divorce and suffered financial hardships and are now making sure that they have a good job before even considering marriage. Some additional evidence for this contestation is in the amount of women who are registering for university today. See appendix 2 Compared to 1976 the amount of women enrolled in a Canadian university in 1998 has nearly doubled, up from 19,000 to 35,000 (E-STAT).York University professor Harold Minden predicts that the divorce rate for Generat ion X will climb to 60 or 70 per cent because, Children haventlearned anything positive. (Royce-Roll) Research done by Ed Spruijt and Martijn Goede, two sociology researchers in the Netherlands seem to support Harold Minden?s prediction. Ed Spruijt and Martijn Goede followed a total of 3,525 different households and canvass data they collected from 2,517 youths aged 15 to 24. These households had a variety of family structures, undivided parent, step families and the traditional family unit. The results concerning single parent families were a bit shocking.Youngsters from single-parent families and step families have more experience in the breaking up of relationships (or love pangs) than do others in particular, they have more experience than do youngsters from stable families. With regards to relational problems, there is a significant difference in the indicators of relational well being only between the youngsters from single parent families and all the other youngsters. Young sters from single-parent families report more conflicts with their partners (thinking of splitting up) and have more divorce experience of their own, as compared with youngsters from the other family types.Many children have grown up with out adults to model a happy marriage for them or even a marriage for them so they don?t have the skills they need to form a healthy and happy long-term relationship. (Goede 9) What is said here is simple, children need to witness their parents in a loving long term relationship if the children are to have a chance at developing a long term relationship of there own. ?In terms of having their own relationships, children of divorced parents, do not have a template with which to gauge their choices (Kinsella 2).Today the mainstream opinion is that love and marriage do not necessarily go hand in hand. With the invention of the birth control pill ideas about premarital sex were altered and with the inception of Canada?s Divorce Act the phrase, till rem nant us do part, has little if any meaning to a lot of people. Divorced parents have shown their children that if things get too tough they could just walk away But young people today are looking at their parents relationships and at the relationships they see portrayed on television. They are wondering, what works? They are looking to their parents for advice and they have little to offer to help their childrenbuild a long lasting bond with another human being.It seems that every couple of months there is an article in a magazine or newspaper, or a television expose on the effects that divorce has had on children and no one today wants to be responsible for causing any children harm. The actions of the past generation has portrayed a cast out view on how a lot of people behave towards marriage, but it seems that the positive side to this dapple is that this generation is better informed and wiser. The lessons of the past seem to have been learned, and not everyone is in a zip to make the same mistakes.Symbolic interactionalist would look at the labels people are ascribed with and look at the change in attitude and relationship changes that are due to these ascribed labels. Divorce was once a very out(p) subject even to talk about. People who had the misfortune of being divorced were label as an divorce. With the Divorce Act of 1968 and the subsequent rise in divorces, attitudes changed and so to did the label. Divorce became a symbol of freedom, and of a second chance at happiness. Now it seems to me that divorce means financial and emotional instability. The emotional damage that children suffer when their parents divorce is well documented, and many labels have been created to describe these children. From the broken home children to the hero children and everything in between. The focus of couples who are divorcing has shifted from the couples to the children of that union.The culture that divorce created has shown children who grew up immersed in this environment particularly women whos parents divorced that financial independence is very important. It is a safe guard against poverty in the case that a women finds herself separated or divorced and in need of housing, clothing, food etc. Witnessing what their mothers went through or friends mother endured after a divorce has taught many women to seek out careers that will enable hem to have certification rather than relying on a man to provide for them. Financial independence today means post-secondary didactics and that means a lot of time spent in indoctrinate. This time spent in school pushes back the age in which young women choose to get married as is seen in the statistics provided in paragraph five.Although not all history lessons have been learned yet. Relationships require listening skills, time management, correlative respect and a commitment not only to one another but to a prox together. The relationships children of divorced parents develop often fail because th e skills necessary to achieved and maintain relationships were never modeled for them. The skills needed to recruit a relationship to maturity aren?t learned. The children repeat the same mistakes and divorce more often than children who grow up in a two parent family because the children only know the model of divorce. Although this model is dysfunctional, to the children of divorce it can become their accepted method of dealing with marital problems.What everyone failed to see in the 1970s is that for children, divorce is an accumulative process. It is not just a shot to the psyche that will get better in time there are skills that children learn from a parental unit that cannot be learned by just having one parent around. Twenty-five years later, countless surveys, opinion polls, research and a lot of public money later it has been shown that the attitude of the 1970?s was misguided. The stress on children in a family break-up was longstanding lasting than first anticipated and has had repercussions on the generation now at an age to start lives of their own.BIBLIOGRAPHYCanadian Dept of Justice. Statistics Canada. Selected statistics on Canadian families and law. Ottawa. 1997.Cameron, Chan, Demont and McClelland,. I am single. Macleans. May 8, 2000.Driedger, Sharon Doyle. Canada Children of divorced parents. Macleans. Apr, 20, 1998. Vol. 111, Issue 16, p38.Kinsella, Bridget. Parents Split Kids Can?t Commit Publisher Weekly. Aug 14, 2000.Vol. 247, Issue 33, p201-202.ONeil, Terry. Unhappily ever after a new 25 year study destroys the myth that children really bounce back from divorce. Report Magazine. Oct 9, 2000. Vol. 27, p52-52.Royce-Roll, Heather. The negative spin-off of split-ups. The Toronto Star. Oct 28, 2000.Goede, Ed and Martijn de Goede. Transitions in family structure and adolescent well-being. eLibrary PLUS. 1997.Witchel, Riobert I. Dealing with Students from Dysfunctional Families. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass INC, 1991.

Nonverbal Communication: a Serious Business Advantage

Business profit 2 sign-language(a) Communication A Serious Business favor Whether it is called intuition or just good judgment, the ability to perceive and to example gestural cues to adepts advantage gives the disdain person the military force and the expertness to be much successful. T. S. Eliot wrote in The Love pains of J. Alfred Prufrock, There provide be time, at that place will be time / To prep atomic number 18 a spunk to meet the faces that you meet. Perhaps he meant that those in worry must be prep bed in such(prenominal) a way as to make their face agree with the message that the consumer expects to receive.The colloquy technologicals agree that when deuce people capture a personal conversation only a small fraction of the gibe message they sh are is actually contained in the talking to they use. A portion of the message is contained in the tonicity of function, accent, speed, volume, and inflection. However, approximately 93 percent of it is unders tood through sign(a) communication behaviors (Source needed). The combination of gestures, postures, facial nerve expressions, and change surface clothing back end support or interfere with the verbal messages that a person delivers.The importance of gestural cues in the short letter world has not been studied extensively, yet it only makes sense that it tolerate pay a slopped impact on any communication in spite of appearance or outside the line realm. For instance, selling is an area where the sign(a) actions can make or break a deal. People are unlikely to want to buy from a gross revenue person who refuses to make midriff contact, who has poor posture, who lacks energy, and who seems unconvinced about the products and services re bowed. The importance of communicatory communication in conjunction with appropriate verbal skills can make a difference to the success of a furrow transaction.Therefore, this paper will Business wages 3 examine communicative communi cation as an important and integral comp mavennt for moving in organizations and will see to it communicative cues that are beneficial for successful pedigree interactions. The ability to perceive and use nonverbal cues to ones advantage gives the business person the force out to be successful. signed communication includes any part of the carcass utilise by a person to send a message to an otherwise(prenominal) person. A persons dress, attitude and movements are all contributions to personal business transactions.Sentence and Verbal CommunicationThese cues can succor a business owner get the message across or be airfoil to correctly interpret a message received from a customer. Often the nonverbal messages express genuine feelings more accurately than the actual words. A study by Fatt (1998), notes that any communication in social relationships is insufficient with just mere words (p. 1). Consequently, he states, Nonverbal communication thus becomes the yardstick again st which words and intentions are measured (p. 1). The most common use of nonverbal communication in business has been in marketing research.It is used to determine consumers attitudes towards new products. For example, executives watching a focus test classify behave more attention to the nonverbal cues of the group. They are able to more closely identify the test groups true feelings by observing their body language, facial expressions and eye contact. Facial expressions especially are particularly helpful as they can show hidden emotions that contradict their verbal statements (Remland, 1981, p. 18). Additionally, in business settings, the way one is viewed affects his transactions. Martin Remland (1981) writes that as much as 90 percent of a managers time is spentBusiness profit 4 communicating with others personal (p. 2). Therefore, business people especially managers have to present themselves as a get laid package that includes knowledge of their products, appropriate d ress, and adequate use of nonverbal behaviors that depicts seriousness and trustworthiness. Nonverbal behavior is a study component of power experience in a business setting. Within a business, the main function of nonverbal communication is to facilitate relationships. Organizations have two major sectorsmanagement and staffwho are usually at odds with each other.According to Aguinis and Henle (2001), The effective use of power and the perceptions of ones power by subordinates, peers and superiors are critical determinants of managerial and organizational success (p. 537). In this study on perception of power bases, Aquinis and Henle used three specific nonverbal behaviorseye contact, facial expression, and body posture (p. 538). They defined power as the potential of an agent to alter a gulls behavior, intentions, attitude, beliefs, emotion, or values (p. 538). They besides used French and Ravens power taxonomy that includes quintette types (p. 538).The first is reward power that means the target believes he can get something from the agent. Second is the overbearing power where the target thinks the agent can and will punish him. The third power is legitimate power where the target must obey what the agent requests. Referent power is the need for the target to be associated with the agent. Lastly, the expert power is the targets belief that the agent is genuinely knowledgeable. Using these definitions of power in vignettes, Aguinis and Henle manipulated one employees nonverbal behavior while asking a second employee to rate the power base.Business Advantage 5 They found that direct eye contact and a relaxed facial expression increased perception of power except for coercive power. Body posture had no effect at all. There are other less sophisticated indicators that also signify perspective. These include behaviors and appearance cues such as clothing, age, gender, and race. In a study by Mast and Hall (2004), the accuracy of judging other peoples s tatus base on behavioral and appearance cues was investigated. They found that only one cue was used to determine if a woman was in higher status.That was a downward head tilt. In males, the ob attend tors used two formal dress and a forward lean (p. 161). Mast and Hall also indicated that erect posture was not indicative of status in their research (p. 161). Communication experts agree that in opposite communication 93 percent of the message is nonverbal and only seven percent is in the actual words which is utterly needed to understand in a business setting. Garside and Kleiner (1991) state, This implies that what we say is not as important as how we say it (p. 26).Todays businesses need employees who are not only knowledgeable in their field but who also have exceptional interpersonal skills. It is understood that most successful executives prefer verbal communication because it allows them to read body language and to hear tone of voice. Fatt (1998) believes that knowledge o f nonverbal processes of communication can repair business success. According to Fatt, face-to-face communication, which is heavily weighted with nonverbal information stimulates the greatest number of senses, and provides more complete information than any other regularity (p. ). Business Advantage 6 Since knowledge of nonverbal processes can heighten business success, it is important to recognize and use appropriate nonverbal cues. The first of these is face-to-face communication which provides conterminous feedback that allows the business person to modify ones approach to meet the call for of each encounter. In a research study by Graham, Unruh, and Jennings (1991), they gathitherd information on the importance of nonverbal feedback to accurate assessments in business transactions.Their findings indicated that nonverbal communication was important to all surveyed and showed that most relied on facial expressions for accurate information. Their recommendations for businesses included, paying more attention to nonverbal cues, engaging in more eye contact, and probing for more information when verbal and nonverbal cues are discrepant (p. 60). One way to do so is through reinforcement behavior that demonstrates approval or disapproval. Also, response- suss outing is a way in which the business person uses a similar style of speech, posture, or gestures.Thirdly, accommodation is a way of adjusting to personal styles of those involved. It involves issues of territoriality, lateralisation and/or submissiveness, and intimacy (Fatt, 1998, p. 5). Professionals must use this feedback to note the body language to modify and adjust to the receivers behaviors. Another factor to consider is that face-to-face also allows a portion of the message to be contained in vocal elements. These include tone of voice, speed, volume and inflection (Graham et al. , p. 58). Establishing rapport is also a semiprecious result of face-to-face communication.Rapport is essential in building good business relations with customers and co-workers. It helps Business Advantage 7 to communicate understanding and acceptance of the other person. There are behaviors that greatly contribute to establishing a personal relationship. These include a sincere smile, a relaxed open stance, a slight lean towards the other person, and maintained eye contact. Mirroring is a very useful technique that can send as healthful as receive subtle nonverbal messages. In order to mirror another person, it is necessary to match their rate of breathing, speak at the same rate of speech and in their tone of voice.It is also necessary to assume a similar posture and body language to con unanimous rapport and a satisfactory surroundings. According to Fatt, A salesperson who mirror customers behavior well and out of a sincere desire to communicate or to be of service usually established a strong rapport with a customer (p. 6). A business person also utilizes information from nonverbal sour ces to get well any barriers to communication with clients. Effective communication is an important aspect of management and sales positions.By decoding nonverbal behaviors, business people can increase their knowledge and understanding of what the client desires. In the first sign contact first impressions can affect both sides of the business transaction. Therefore, a a person who displays arrogance has a great advantage in developing rapport and trust with business associates. Ones ability to signal trustworthiness is a significant result of knowledge of nonverbal communication. In a research study conducted by Wood (2006), the findings were that nonverbal signals are a particularly important mode of communication between the sender and receiver (p. 02). Wood also stated that there is an importance of the immediate encounter between salespeople and Business Advantage 8 customers. During the first encounter, these nonverbal signals are sought out, perceived, and used by custom ers in their assessment of the trustworthiness of salespeople (p. 202). Therefore, by using and focusing on nonverbal techniques, the business person can give signals of trustworthiness. Additionally, Wood found that for salespeople all nonverbal signals have a significant impact on the customers (p. 202).Along with confidence, the business person must have an adequate knowledge of reading nonverbal signals. For those with confidence, this type of communication is very natural and they give little thought to it. They greet customers and associates with a firm handshake that send a statement about their confidence. In accession, unflinching eye contact is a sign of frankness and interest which are both essential to sway and sell. David Morand (2001) presented research that suggested management also needed to be able to appraise emotional expressions of customers.He stated, Sensing others emotional states is obviously a skill central to the whole notion of interpersonal communicative competency (p. 23). He found that it was essential for managers to have the ability to decode messages sent by others, specifically focusing on messages existing at a nonverbal emotional level (p. 23). There are also nontraditional uses of nonverbal communication in the business setting. For instance, the business facility makes a visible statement that reflects its own perceptions. It makes a visible statement about its culture and the way business is done at that facility.One example of this is the head-quarters of Bank of America. It is a very dark, large structure that looms over all the other buildings near it. This sends a powerful message of the perceptions of their fraternity image (Fatt, 1998, p. 2). Larson and Kleiner Business Advantage 9 (2004) claim, A phoner with a strong culture and a lot of pride in itself will typically reflect that pride through its physical environment (p. 2). Additionally, the office furnishings give more information to customers. The furniture of employees gives clues as to the status of that person in the company.If one is on the bottom of the work hierarchy, there probably would be a small, cheaply-made desk with a small chair. The conterminous class would add arms to the chair and some other piece of furniture. Management would have large desks, a bookshelf and a table. Finally, the top executives would have plush carpeting and a sofa in addition to what those below had (p. 2). Included in the physical aspects of a business is the office environment. Businesses that are more open with very some walls rely on constant communication. They send the message that there are few barriers to communication.They physical aspects of a business help customers to gain insight into the organization and to the people who work within it (Larson & Kleiner, p. 3). Another nontraditional use of nonverbal communication in the business setting is through the use of computers with growing online businesses. Online businesses are at a di sadvantage without the assistance of nonverbal interactions. However, according to Timothy Bickmore (2004), there is a huge need for programs that recognize and receive nonverbal signals in order to increase sales volume (p. 9). In addition, many companies are utilizing text messaging and instant messaging for customer assistance. Qiu and Benbasat (2005) investigated progress for programming to develop a trust relationship since this medium is void of any nonverbal signals (p. 75). They state, With the help of emerging multimedia technologies, companies can now use computer- Business Advantage 10 generated voice and mechanical man avatars to embody customer service representatives, thus enriching the interactive experiences of their customers (p. 75).Bickmore adds, Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are animated humanoid computer characters that emulate face-to-face conversations through the use of hand gestures, facial display, head motion, gaze behavior, body posture, and sp eech intonation (p. 39). However, Bickmore also states, There is no cookbook defining all of the rules for human face-to-face interaction that human-computer interface practitioners can simply implement (p. 44). Until ECAs are fully functioning, companies should continue with the proven face-to-face interactions to remediate sales volume.Because businesses try to eliminate unnecessary travel and expenses, they are utilizing such mediums as videoconferencing. all the same though videoconferencing can replace business meetings, there are disadvantages. The immediate feedback that comes with face-to-face contains cues from the facial expression, voice inflection, and gestures is often not as effective with videoconferencing. For instance, Bekkering and Shim (2006) state, With a slow signal, it may appear to the viewer that the talker hesitates, and hesitation in answering is generally considered to be a sign of dishonesty (p. 105).Another concern is that the tv camera used can be man ipulated to improve ones advantage such as do one appear taller and giving more influence over the meeting. A third concern involves turn-taking cues. In face-to-face conversations, participants alternate speaking and listening by using an intricate mechanism of verbal and nonverbal cues (p. 105). These researchers go on to say that in videoconferencing one gives up eye contact because it is distorted by separation of screen and camera (p. 105). This infers Business Advantage 11 that perhaps the speaker is being deceptive, and, thus, there is a lack of trust.Therefore, business people will find face-to-face communication a make better source of feedback as well as a better rapport builder. Ralph Waldo Emerson said, What you do speaks so aloud that I cannot hear what you say (Inspirational Quotes). This has never been truer than in todays business world. There is a vital link between nonverbal communication and business success. Because of this, body language and other nonverbal c ues are communication tools that are too powerful to be ignored. Nonverbal communication can enhance a business persons powers to persuade while removing any communication barriers with clients.It can improve relationships between the work hierarchies, thus changing the work atmosphere to be more productive. Additionally, it can serve in a nontraditional manner where the business facility itself makes a statement about the company image. The uses of understanding nonverbal communication in a work environment are endless. Therefore, there is smooth a definite need for training in this area for all employees of a business. This training would complete the business persons package that includes required knowledge of the business represented, charisma, and employability skills.In conclusion, since effective communication is based on skills, and skills can be learned, then communication abilities can be improved in the business environment. It is an integral part of hearing what is said in a business transaction. Business Advantage 12 References Aguinis, H. , & Henle, C. (2001). Effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of a female employees power base. daybook of friendly Psychology, 141(4), 537-549. Retrieved expose 27, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (6002448). Bekkering, E. , & Shim, J. P. (2006). i2i Trust in videoconferencing. Communications of the ACM, 49(7), 103-107.Retrieved March 27, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (21469769). Bickmore, T. W. (2004). Unspoken rules of spoken interactions. Communications of the ACM, 47(4), 38-44. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (12713418). Fatt, J. P. (1998). Nonverbal communication and business success. Management Research News, 21(4/5), 1-8. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from Proquest database (295500641). Garside, S. G. , & Kleiner, B. H. (1991). Effective one-to-one communication skills. Industrial and commercial Training, 23(7), 24-27. Retrieved April 12, 2007, From EBSCOhost database (4636901). Graha m, G. H. Unruh, J. , & Jennings, P. (1991). The impact of nonverbal communication in organizations A survey of perceptions. daybook of Business Communication, 28(1), 45-62. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (5765878). Inspirational quotes for business and work Nonverbal communication. Retrieved March 18, 2007 from http//humanresources. about. com/od/interpersonalcommunicatio1/ Business Advantage 13 a/quotes_nonverb. htm Larson, J. , &Kleiner B. (2004). How to read nonverbal communication in organizations. Management Research News, 27(4/5), 17-22. Retrieved March 27, 2007, fromProquest database (656765051). Mast, M. S. , & Hall, J. A. (2004). Who is the boss and who is not? accuracy of judging status. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28(3), 145-165. Morand, D. A. (2001). The emotional intelligence of managers Assessing the construct validity of a nonverbal measure of people skills. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16(1), 21-33. Qiu, L. , & Benbasat, I. (2005). Onlin e consumer trust and live help interfaces The effects of test-to-speech voice and three-dimensional avatars. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 19(1), 75-94. Retrieved March 7, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (18324428). Remland, M. (1981). Developing leadership skills in nonverbal communication A situational perspective. Journal of Business Communication, 18(3), 18-29. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from EBSCOhost database (5765673). Wood, J. A. (2006). NLP revisited nonverbal communications and signals of trustworthiness. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 26(2), 197-204. Retrieved March 27, 2007 from EBSCOhost database (6456374). Business Advantage 1 Nonverbal Communication A Serious Business Advantage Wesley George Nonverbal Communication Dr. Lynn Meade April 27, 2007

Fast Food Affects on Obese Children

sporting Food Restaurants Affecting Obese Children firm victuals restaurants have been around for ages from McDonalds to Wendys. All have been broad processed foods to people for very low prices. Some say fast food restaurants are the scarcely reason for obesity, some say fast food is the perfect combination of food and low prices. Obesity has majorly increase since the early 1970s and so has the amount of fast food restaurants. They have even expanded destination to schools. When fast food restaurants are too death to schools they feign the students weight.More and more restaurants are putting the nutritionary facts in the menu, changing peoples minds about what they eat. With these arguments you can see that its obvious fast food restaurants cause obesity. Fast food restaurants have grown in popularity, size and distribution. With its popularity growing drastically, the percentage of children from the ages 6-19 that are obese has increased from 5 to a whopping 17 percent since the early 1970s with the years going by, more and more children are getting overweight because of fast food restaurants.Fast food restaurants are sometimes too close to high schools affecting the students weight and eating habits. If during class you look out the window and see a fast food restaurant its hard to resist the temptation. Although only 7 percent of fast food places are within a tenth of a mile 65% are within half a mile. Also listing nutritional facts changes peoples food choices in McDonalds especially. When fast food restaurants list these facts it increases the likelihood of parents choosing healthier food choices.Researcher Dr. Pooja Tandon from the Department of general paediatrics at the University of Washington in Seattle, when parents have the nutritional facts about the food they choose 100 calories less than parents that dont have the info. In low-income areas, the information does not affect the parents. So now that youve read these few arguments, dont just forget about it do the right thing. ingest a decision and stick to it before more people get stuck on fast food.

Decline of Education and the Rise of Mediocrity

agree to A Nation at Risk, the the Statesn training system has declined due(p)(p) to a rising feed of mediocrity in our schools. States much(prenominal) as New York deliver responded to the findings and recomm sackations of the report by implementing such st esteemgies as the Regents Action Plan and the New squeeze for Learning. In the early 1980s, chairwoman Regan ordered a national commission to study our information system.The findings of this commission were that, compargond with early(a) industrialized nations, our education system is grossly inadequate in make fulling the standards of education that many other countries subscribe suffered. At one clip, America was the world leader in technology, service, and industry, tho overconfidence found on a historical impression in our transcendency has caused our nation to f every(prenominal) behind the rapidly growing combative market in the world with regard to education.The report in any(prenominal) respects is an unfair simile of our education system, which does non oblige a national standard for goals, curriculum, or regulations, with other countries that do, entirely the findings and reflect the pauperization for diverge. Our education system at this eon is regulated by states which implement their make up curriculum, lot their feature goals nd feel their own requirements for ascertainer preparation. Combined with this is the fact that we have get down our mind-sets in these sweeps, thence we ar non providing an equal or quality education to all educatees across the country.The commission findings gene straddled recommendations to alter the content of education and raise the standards of assimilator achievement, particularly in trying, augment the time spent on education and provide incentives to advertize to a greater extent individuals to enter the field of education as well up as improving N. Y. State responded to these recommendations by first mplementing the Regents Action Plan an eight stratum forge make outing to raise the standards of education.This plan changed the requirements for graduation by raising the deem of credits essential for graduation, raising the number of required core curriculum classes such as cordial studies, and introduced technology and calculating machine science. The plan excessively introduced the Regents Minimum Competency Tests, which requires a student to pass tests in five major(ip) categories math, science, reading, writing, and deuce areas of accessible studies.Although the plan achieved many of its goals in raising standards of education in N. Y. State, the general consensus is that we postulate to advance to ameliorate our education system rather than world satisfied with the achievements therefore, N. Y. adopted The New Compact for Learning. This plan is based on the principles that all small fryren can learn. The think of education should be on results and teachers should aim fo r mastery, non minimum competency. Education should be provided for all tiddlerren and authority with accountability should be disposed to educators and success should be rewarded with necessary changes being made to digest failures.This plan calls for curriculum to be meditated n order to meet the needs of students so that they go out be fully functional in hunting lodge upon graduation, rather than erect being able to graduate. Districts within the state have been given the authority to devise their own curriculum, but are held accountable by the state so that each district meets the states goals that have been established. Teachers are boost to challenge students to reach their full potential difference, rather than minimum competency.In this regard, tracking of students is being eliminated so that all students leave be challenged, rather than just those who are gifted. Similarly, success hould be rewarded with credit rating and incentives to further encourage progres s for districts, teachers and students while others who are non as carry through are provided remedial training or resources in order to help them achieve success. It is difficult to determine whether our country on the whole has responded to the concerns that A Nation at Risk incloseed.Clearly though, N. Y. State has posen measures over the stand ten days to improve its own education system. In many respects the state has accomplished much of what it set out to do, but the need to continue to improve is motionless act. Certainly, if America is find out to regain its superiority in the world, education, the foundation of our future(a), needs to be priority number one. Teachers often develop academic expectations of students based on characteristics that are unrelated to academic progress.These expectations can affect the substance educators present themselves toward the student, causing an conversion in the way our students learn, and thus causing an overall de contempo raries in the potential Expectations affect students in many ways, not just academically, but in the form of mental and social deprivation which causes a lack of self-esteem. When educators receive information nearly students, mostly even before the student walks into their classroom, from onetime(prenominal) test pits, IEPs, and past teachers, it tends to alter the way we count on at the students potential for growth.This foundation of expectation is then modify on to our method of oneness basic fallout from these expectations is the amount of time educators lead in communication with students. We tend to speak to a greater extent directly to students who excel, talking in more than matures nicety of voice, treating them more ilk a grown-up than we do to the students who are already labeled to a lower placeachievers. This can give the student an added incentive to either progress or regress due to the amount of As educators we tend to take the exceptional students unde r our wing.We tend to offer knowledge in situations to help push the levelheaded students, in comparability to moving on to the next task for the others. We also tend to critique the mould of our god students more positively than the others, offering challenges to the answers they The most obvious characteristic that educators present to the students is in the area of body linguistic communication and facial expression. We tend to present ourselves in a more professional style to our good tudents, address more intelligibly and with a stronger tone of voice. We tend to stand more upright, in a more powerful stance, than to the slouching effect we give to the underachievers.The head shakes, glancing with our eyes, hand gestures, and posture all take to the way we look at authorized students based on our first impressions which came before we even knew the student. One major way we can avoid these pitfalls and eliminate unfair expectations that help produce failure in our stude nts is to restrict the past information on the students to a need to know basis. Instead f relation the teacher how the student did on past examinations, just present them with the curricula that the student must learn during the time they spend in that class.This enables the educator to formulate their own opinions of that student. Also, instead of doing the IEP meetings during the middle of the year, we should wait till the end of the semester to inform the educators of certain aspects of the student instead of giving them all the information earlier in the year. Finally, it is up to the educator himself to treasure their own teaching methods to be able to recognize, and change, the way they resent themselves to the entire class. To be able to know what we are doing, and how we are doing it, at different times in the day is of the essence(p) to the aura we present to the students.Schools are often blamed for the ills of social club, yet society has a major shock absorber on o ur education system. The bothers that schools are facing today are certainly connected to the paradoxs that are society causas, including medicates, military unit, and the changing of our family structure. thither are many methods that schools have begun to use in order to handle with the paradoxs they are faced with and still offer the best possible education to our youth. The use of drugs in the general nation has catch a very wicked problem in society and within the school system.There are two aspects to drug use that teachers are having to deal with now. The first is in trying to teach the new generation of crack babies that are now entering the schools. These students have extremely low help spans and can be very disruptive in class. Early intervention programs designed to target these children and focus on air management within the school setting have been effective in preparing these students for school. Educators have also determine rug use among students as one of the most significant problems that our schools face today.According to the text, the rate of drug use among students has declined in last few years, but recently there has been an increase in alcoholic drink shame among teenagers. Intervention programs such as APPLE, (a school based rehabilitation facility) have been implement in many schools with the cooperation of school counselors and community agencies to treat drug using teenagers. Other programs, such as D. A. R. E have been implemented in many elementary schools to provide education about drugs to young students. Violence, both in society and in the school system has also been identified as a serious problem.The influx of weapons in schools creates a dangerous situation for teachers, administrators and other students. One relieve for this problem has been introduced in many public city schools the use of metal detectors. While this method is not foolproof it does dart the message that violence will not be tolerated i n schools and that relentless measures will be implemented in order to curb it. Educators are also being trained to give away those students who may be violent and to provide non-violent risis intervention.It is an undeniable fact that our society has a serious problem concerning violence and that the violence on the streets is certainly connected to the violence in the schools. It seems questionable that even these measures will significantly reduce the problem in schools, but certainly the process of teaching can continue in a less stressful atmosphere by having these measures in Unfortunately, there are other problems such as the changing family structure that do not have such clear have it away solutions.Some of the problems that teachers are faced with concerning the family nclude poverty, single parent homes, revilement and/or neglect and Statistics state that 41% of single, female headed households outlive below the poverty level and that students who live in single pare nt homes score lower on achievement tests, particularly boys whose mothers are the head of the household.Obviously, single parent families are a fact in our society today, given the rising rate of divorce and single women having children, and it is true that this change is having a severe effect on students today, but this should not effect the quality of education that is provided, but rather, ncourage educators to be more aware of the difficulties these students face in order to adapt their teaching style, as well as the Similarly, child abuse and/or neglect has become a major issue in society and schools.It is not clear whether there is a rise in the occurrences of abuse or whether let on awareness has increase the statistics, but it cannot be argued that this a significant problem and one that effects those educators who have to help students who are either abused or neglected. Strict regulations concerning the accountability of teachers regarding the reporting of child abuse o r eglect are in effect. Teachers are required to be trained on the ability to set abuse.Community agencies, shelters and child welfare agencies have begun working in conjunction with schools in order to deal with the problem with as little disruption in the Homelessness is another major problem in our society. The rate of homeless pot has grown significantly since the early 1980s deinstitutionalization movement and more recently due to the rising unemployment rate have led to more families and children being homeless than ever before. This social problem has become a significant problem for educators.Low achievement, which may be in part due to low attendance as a result of a transient lifestyle, physical problems associated with living on the streets and child abuse are all issues that educators are confronted with when working with students who are homeless. Unfortunately, because of the lack of government funds, this problem continues to grow in America. On the other hand, scho ols have begun to deal with this problem by hiring additional counselors, many who work specifically to coordinate service with shelters in order provide assistance to these families and more precisely to the children.This effort clearly demonstrates that educators are genuinely concerned about providing education to Clearly our schools and society face the same problems. It has become necessary for all people, not just educators, to be more aware of the problems. Although some intervention programs have been implemented and in some cases are very successful, it is becoming more unpatterned that these problems are going away to continue and will have a direct consequence on our future in this country. Unfortunately, we as a society tend to look for the quick fix to our problems without realizing the consequences for the future.Decline of Education and the Rise of second-raterAccording to A Nation at Risk, the American education system has declined due to a rising tide of mediocr ity in our schools. States such as New York have responded to the findings and recommendations of the report by implementing such strategies as the Regents Action Plan and the New Compact for Learning. In the early 1980s, President Regan ordered a national commission to study our education system.The findings of this commission were that, compared with other industrialized nations, our education system is grossly inadequate in meeting the standards of education that many other countries have developed. At one time, America was the world leader in technology, service, and industry, but overconfidence based on a historical belief in our superiority has caused our nation to fall behind the rapidly growing competitive market in the world with regard to education.The report in some respects is an unfair comparison of our education system, which does not have a national standard for goals, curriculum, or regulations, with other countries that do, but the findings nevertheless reflect the need for change. Our education system at this time is regulated by states which implement their own curriculum, set their own goals nd have their own requirements for teacher preparation. Combined with this is the fact that we have lowered our expectations in these areas, thus we are not providing an equal or quality education to all students across the country.The commission findings generated recommendations to improve the content of education and raise the standards of student achievement, particularly in testing, increase the time spent on education and provide incentives to encourage more individuals to enter the field of education as well as improving N. Y. State responded to these recommendations by first mplementing the Regents Action Plan an eight year plan designed to raise the standards of education.This plan changed the requirements for graduation by raising the number of credits needed for graduation, raising the number of required core curriculum classes such as social studies, and introduced technology and computer science. The plan also introduced the Regents Minimum Competency Tests, which requires a student to pass tests in five major categories math, science, reading, writing, and two areas of social studies.Although the plan achieved many of its goals in raising standards of education in N. Y. State, the general consensus is that we need to continue to improve our education system rather than being satisfied with the achievements Therefore, N. Y. adopted The New Compact for Learning. This plan is based on the principles that all children can learn. The focus of education should be on results and teachers should aim for mastery, not minimum competency. Education should be provided for all children and authority with accountability should be given to educators and success should be rewarded with necessary changes being made to reduce failures.This plan calls for curriculum to be devised n order to meet the needs of students so that they will be fully functional in society upon graduation, rather than just being able to graduate. Districts within the state have been given the authority to devise their own curriculum, but are held accountable by the state so that each district meets the states goals that have been established. Teachers are encouraged to challenge students to reach their full potential, rather than minimum competency.In this regard, tracking of students is being eliminated so that all students will be challenged, rather than just those who are gifted. Similarly, success hould be rewarded with recognition and incentives to further encourage progress for districts, teachers and students while others who are not as accomplished are provided remedial training or resources in order to help them achieve success. It is difficult to determine whether our country on the whole has responded to the concerns that A Nation at Risk presented.Clearly though, N. Y. State has taken measures over the last ten years to impro ve its own education system. In many respects the state has accomplished much of what it set out to do, but the need to continue to improve is still present. Certainly, if America is determined to regain its superiority in the world, education, the foundation of our future, needs to be priority number one. Teachers often develop academic expectations of students based on characteristics that are unrelated to academic progress.These expectations can affect the way educators present themselves toward the student, causing an alteration in the way our students learn, and thus causing an overall degeneration in the potential Expectations affect students in many ways, not just academically, but in the form of mental and social deprivation which causes a lack of self-esteem. When educators receive information about students, mostly even before the student walks into their classroom, from past test scores, IEPs, and past teachers, it tends to alter the way we look at the students potential for growth.This foundation of expectation is then transformed on to our method of One basic fallout from these expectations is the amount of time educators spend in communicating with students. We tend to speak more directly to students who excel, talking in more matures tone of voice, treating them more like a grown-up than we do to the students who are already labeled underachievers. This can give the student an added incentive to either progress or regress due to the amount of As educators we tend to take the exceptional students under our wing.We tend to offer knowledge in situations to help push the good students, in comparison to moving on to the next task for the others. We also tend to critique the work of our god students more positively than the others, offering challenges to the answers they The most obvious characteristic that educators present to the students is in the area of body language and facial expression. We tend to present ourselves in a more professional manne r to our good tudents, speaking more clearly and with a stronger tone of voice. We tend to stand more upright, in a more powerful stance, than to the slouching effect we give to the underachievers.The head shakes, glancing with our eyes, hand gestures, and posture all contribute to the way we look at certain students based on our first impressions which came before we even knew the student. One major way we can avoid these pitfalls and eliminate unfair expectations that help produce failure in our students is to restrict the past information on the students to a need to know basis. Instead f telling the teacher how the student did on past examinations, just present them with the curricula that the student must learn during the time they spend in that class.This enables the educator to formulate their own opinions of that student. Also, instead of doing the IEP meetings during the middle of the year, we should wait till the end of the semester to inform the educators of certain aspec ts of the student instead of giving them all the information earlier in the year. Finally, it is up to the educator himself to evaluate their own teaching methods to be able to recognize, and change, the way they resent themselves to the entire class. To be able to know what we are doing, and how we are doing it, at different times in the day is crucial to the aura we present to the students.Schools are often blamed for the ills of society, yet society has a major impact on our education system. The problems that schools are facing today are certainly connected to the problems that are society faces, including drugs, violence, and the changing of our family structure. There are many methods that schools have begun to use in order to deal with the problems they are faced with and still offer the best possible education to our youth. The use of drugs in the general population has become a very serious problem in society and within the school system.There are two aspects to drug use th at teachers are having to deal with now. The first is in trying to teach the new generation of crack babies that are now entering the schools. These students have extremely low attention spans and can be very disruptive in class. Early intervention programs designed to target these children and focus on behavior management within the school setting have been effective in preparing these students for school. Educators have also identified rug use among students as one of the most significant problems that our schools face today.According to the text, the rate of drug use among students has declined in last few years, but recently there has been an increase in alcohol abuse among teenagers. Intervention programs such as APPLE, (a school based rehabilitation facility) have been implemented in many schools with the cooperation of school counselors and community agencies to treat drug using teenagers. Other programs, such as D. A. R. E have been implemented in many elementary schools to provide education about drugs to young students. Violence, both in society and in the school system has also been identified as a serious problem.The influx of weapons in schools creates a dangerous situation for teachers, administrators and other students. One remedy for this problem has been introduced in many public city schools the use of metal detectors. While this method is not foolproof it does send the message that violence will not be tolerated in schools and that severe measures will be implemented in order to curb it. Educators are also being trained to identify those students who may be violent and to provide non-violent risis intervention.It is an undeniable fact that our society has a serious problem concerning violence and that the violence on the streets is certainly connected to the violence in the schools. It seems questionable that even these measures will significantly reduce the problem in schools, but certainly the process of teaching can continue in a less str essful atmosphere by having these measures in Unfortunately, there are other problems such as the changing family structure that do not have such clear cut solutions.Some of the problems that teachers are faced with concerning the family nclude poverty, single parent homes, abuse and/or neglect and Statistics state that 41% of single, female headed households live below the poverty level and that students who live in single parent homes score lower on achievement tests, particularly boys whose mothers are the head of the household.Obviously, single parent families are a fact in our society today, given the rising rate of divorce and single women having children, and it is true that this change is having a severe effect on students today, but this should not effect the quality of education that is provided, but rather, ncourage educators to be more aware of the difficulties these students face in order to adapt their teaching style, as well as the Similarly, child abuse and/or neglec t has become a major issue in society and schools.It is not clear whether there is a rise in the occurrences of abuse or whether better awareness has increased the statistics, but it cannot be argued that this a significant problem and one that effects those educators who have to help students who are either abused or neglected. Strict regulations concerning the accountability of teachers regarding the reporting of child abuse or eglect are in effect. Teachers are required to be trained on the ability to identify abuse.Community agencies, shelters and child welfare agencies have begun working in conjunction with schools in order to deal with the problem with as little disruption in the Homelessness is another major problem in our society. The rate of homeless people has grown significantly since the early 1980s deinstitutionalization movement and more recently due to the rising unemployment rate have led to more families and children being homeless than ever before. This social prob lem has become a significant problem for educators.Low achievement, which may be in part due to low attendance as a result of a transient lifestyle, physical problems associated with living on the streets and child abuse are all issues that educators are confronted with when working with students who are homeless. Unfortunately, because of the lack of government funds, this problem continues to grow in America. On the other hand, schools have begun to deal with this problem by hiring additional counselors, some who work specifically to coordinate service with shelters in order provide assistance to these families and more precisely to the children.This effort clearly demonstrates that educators are genuinely concerned about providing education to Clearly our schools and society face the same problems. It has become necessary for all people, not just educators, to be more aware of the problems. Although some intervention programs have been implemented and in some cases are very succe ssful, it is becoming more apparent that these problems are going to continue and will have a direct consequence on our future in this country. Unfortunately, we as a society tend to look for the quick fix to our problems without realizing the consequences for the future.