Cognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling Essay

This essay is written to compare the guidance blood in person-centred and cognitive-behavioural instruction by turn outlining both the possibility and practice of the counselling relationship. This will be done by outlining the theory of the counselling relationships and the theory in practice. Both person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling are widely recognised, successful treatments. in that respect are however many signifi ejectt differences amid the two. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is based on scientific study taking two therapies, cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy, and trust the two.Behavioural therapy is based on the fact that people can find out behaviours through classical conditioning, which was first recorded by Ivan Pavlov at the set aside of the nineteenth century, and operant conditioning (Skinner, 1953. ) Therapists believed what the behavioural therapists were helping their nodes to do, such as encouraging self- assertion and self-unders tanding to help develop fresh come ones to cumulusing with life, make up a wide range of cognitive processes including decision-making and problem-solving. Beck (1976) founded cognitive-behavioural therapy after becoming disillusion by psychoanalytic methods. (McLeod J. 008)Person-centred counselling is a non-scientific therapy developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. It is a humanistic approach where it is believed that the node needs to look valued and understood for them to be able to develop a self-awareness so they are able to deal with any difficult situation they detect they are in, giving them the power to change their own lives. Person-centred therapy is non-direct approach where the therapist and client develop an equal friendship to develop trust between the two, creating a safe therapeutic environment which alters the client to figure out what makes them the path they are.When the client begins to trust their feelings and become sensationally confident t hey can begin to find the answers to their own problems within themselves. For this to happen a outcome conditions model is in place. Without these conditions this type of therapy would not be effective (Rogers, C. 1957. ) Therapist-Client mental Contact- A relationship which two people welcome impact on each other and the therapist needs to be engaged by the client. Client incongruence, or Vulnerability- The client needs to be in a state of incongruence, feel that their real self is not how they would ideally same be.The client is also vulnerable to anxiousness which means they will be motivated stay in the relationship. (McLeod, J. 2008) Therapist Congruence or Genuineness- The therapist needs to be congruent within the therapeutic relationship- needs to be genuine in dealing with the client and use their own incur to enable the relationship. Unconditional Positive Regard- The therapist needs to have prostrate positive regard for the client. Acceptance, empathy and genuinene ss without judgement, is needed for the client to feel a higher sense of self-regard so they can realise that their self-worth was perverse by others.The therapist needs to accept the client for who they are now, not what they could become. Empathetic understanding- accurate empathy on behalf of the therapist can help the client believe that the therapist has unconditional love for them. Client Perception- If the therapist communicates to the client their unconditional regard and empathetic understanding to at least a minimal degree this is effective. In contrast cognitive-behavioural therapy is a direct approach where clients are taught how to think and behave in ways in which enables them to start out their goals.They are not told what it is they want, but instead how to achieve the goals they may have this develops a student (client) and teacher (therapist) relationship. In order for this to be successful, preventative techniques are used to ensure that the goals agreed with t he client is met. (Haaga and Davison1986, Meichenbaum 1986) These include dictatorial desensitization- a relaxation technique is taught to help the client to overcome anguish to enable them to extinguish their phobias. Once this has been learnt the client must use this to enable them to overcome these by using a fear hierarchy.Homework assignments- practicing techniques learnt in therapy between sessions. Experimenting with dissimilar self- statements in everyday situations. Thought stopping- instead of permit anxious thought take over the client learns to use something to shake up these thoughts such as flicking a rubber band on their wrist. thought-provoking irrational beliefs- the therapist tries to identify the clients irrational beliefs that are causing issues in their life and challenges it so that the client develops a less extreme way they view the problem.Reframing the issues getting the client to perceive a certain emotion as something different. An example of this is perceiving fear as excitement. In vivo exposure- going into passing fearful situations with the therapist whilst they are talking through cognitive-behavioural techniques to help you deal with the situation. Scaling feelings- placing present feeling of anxiety and rating them on a scale off 0-100 is an example of this. Rehearsing different self-statements in role-play in therapy sessions. assertiveness or social skills training.Although a therapeutic relationship is important in both practices, cognitive -behavioural therapists believe this is not sufficient enough alone(predicate) to help clients work through their problems, and while many therapists have different styles the main cognitive behavioural therapy programme have an outlined bodily structure in place. (Kuehnel and Liberman 1986 Freeman and Simon 1989,) which is the main focus. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy is more client action orientated to produce a change in the way they think which accordingly will lead to a change in the way the client will behave.However in Person-centred therapy a therapeutic process is congeal in place as a series of stages. These stages help resurrect a therapeutic change in the client or a process of greater openness to experience (McLeod, J. 2008. ) (Rogers, C. 1951) considered the management of therapeutic developing as including the awareness of the clients of any experiences they have been denied. They stop seeing the institution in a generalised view and begin to see it differently. This enables them to swan on their personal experience to create their own set of values.These personal developments lead to a reorganization of self (Rogers, C. 1951) and is vital to develop new behaviours. In conclusion although both approaches to counselling realise that a counselling relationship is important, person-centred therapists believe that the counselling experience and effectiveness of the therapy is determined simply on that of the relationship. Cognitive-beh avioural therapists find, through past experiments other techniques, such as authoritative desensitization and behavioural self-control, are equally important to the success of the therapy.